MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2011 Jul;41(7):945-61. doi: 10.1007/s10803-010-1124-6.
This study combined an event schema approach with top-down processing perspectives to investigate whether high-functioning children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) spontaneously attend to and remember context-relevant aspects of scenes. Participants read one story of story-pairs (e.g., burglary or tea party). They then inspected a scene (living room) of which some objects were relevant in that context, irrelevant (related to the non-emphasized event) or neutral (scene-schema related). During immediate and delayed recall, only the (TD) groups selectively recalled context-relevant objects, and significantly more context-relevant objects than the ASD groups. Gaze-tracking suggests that one factor in these memory differences may be diminished top-down effects of event schemas on initial attention (first ten fixations) to relevant items in ASD.
本研究结合事件图式方法和自上而下加工的观点，考察高功能自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童和成人是否会自发地注意和记住场景中与上下文相关的方面。参与者阅读了一对故事中的一个故事（例如，入室盗窃或茶话会）。然后，他们检查了一个场景（客厅），其中一些物体在该场景中是相关的、不相关的（与非强调事件相关）或中性的（与场景图式相关）。在即时和延迟回忆中，只有 TD 组选择性地回忆出与上下文相关的物体，并且明显比 ASD 组回忆出更多与上下文相关的物体。眼动追踪表明，导致这些记忆差异的一个因素可能是 ASD 中事件图式对相关项目的初始注意力（前十次注视）的自上而下效应减弱。
