Department of Pathology,Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010 Nov;134(11):1628-38. doi: 10.5858/2009-0583-RAR.1.
The 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification recognizes 4 major types of lung neuroendocrine tumors: typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, small cell lung cancer, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Markedly different prognostic implications and treatment paradigms for these tumors underscore the importance of accurate pathologic diagnosis.
To detail the clinical and pathologic features of lung neuroendocrine tumors, with emphasis on diagnostic criteria, differential diagnoses, and application of immunohistochemistry. The emerging evidence for the utility of Ki-67 (MIB1) in the diagnosis of lung neuroendocrine tumors, particularly in small biopsy and cytology, is emphasized.
The 2004 WHO classification, other published literature, and primary material from the author's institution.
The current WHO classification of neuroendocrine tumors is based on morphologic features in combination with precisely defined mitotic rate and absence or presence of necrosis. Ki-67 (MIB1) is emerging as a useful ancillary tool in the diagnosis of these tumors. Continued research efforts are needed to identify additional immunohistochemical and molecular biomarkers that can serve as ancillary diagnostic tools and as potential therapeutic targets for these diseases.
2004 年世界卫生组织（WHO）分类法承认 4 种主要类型的肺神经内分泌肿瘤：典型类癌、非典型类癌、小细胞肺癌和大细胞神经内分泌癌。这些肿瘤具有明显不同的预后意义和治疗模式，突出了准确病理诊断的重要性。
详细描述肺神经内分泌肿瘤的临床和病理特征，重点介绍诊断标准、鉴别诊断以及免疫组织化学的应用。强调 Ki-67（MIB1）在肺神经内分泌肿瘤诊断中的应用，特别是在小活检和细胞学标本中的应用。
2004 年 WHO 分类法、其他已发表的文献以及作者机构的原始资料。
目前的 WHO 神经内分泌肿瘤分类法基于形态学特征，并结合精确定义的有丝分裂率以及是否存在坏死。Ki-67（MIB1）作为这些肿瘤的辅助诊断工具正在出现。需要进一步研究以确定其他免疫组织化学和分子生物标志物，这些标志物可作为辅助诊断工具，并作为这些疾病的潜在治疗靶点。
