Department of Pathology, ClevelandClinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, USA.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010 Nov;134(11):1639-44. doi: 10.5858/2009-0578-CCR.1.
Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in the outpatient setting. Parathyroid adenomas are common, unlike other parathyroid tumors. This review presents a brief summary of current updates in parathyroid pathology.
To review parathyroid development and discuss issues in hyperparathyroidism and diagnosis of parathyroid lesions, including the application of immunohistochemistry and molecular biology.
Current texts, PubMed (National Library of Medicine) articles, and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center archives.
Primary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly seen with sporadic adenomas, followed by hyperplasia, multiple adenomas, and carcinoma. Autosomal dominant familial hyperparathyroidism syndromes should be considered in the evaluation of patients with parathyroid lesions, particularly in association with parathyroid carcinoma. While the incidence of parathyroid carcinoma is quite low, it is seen with a greater frequency in those patients with hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome. Inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene HRPT2 can be identified in a large number of parathyroid carcinomas. Hence, germline HRPT2 gene mutations may reflect unrecognized syndromic patients.
甲状旁腺功能亢进症是门诊中最常见的高钙血症病因。甲状旁腺瘤很常见，不像其他甲状旁腺肿瘤那样罕见。这篇综述简要总结了甲状旁腺病理学的最新进展。
回顾甲状旁腺的发育，并讨论甲状旁腺功能亢进症和甲状旁腺病变诊断中的问题，包括免疫组织化学和分子生物学的应用。
当前的文本、PubMed（美国国家医学图书馆）文章和纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心的档案。
原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症最常见于散发性腺瘤，其次是增生、多发性腺瘤和癌。在评估甲状旁腺病变的患者时，应考虑常染色体显性家族性甲状旁腺功能亢进症综合征，尤其是与甲状旁腺癌相关时。虽然甲状旁腺癌的发病率相当低，但在伴有甲状旁腺功能亢进-颌骨肿瘤综合征的患者中更为常见。在大量甲状旁腺癌中可以识别肿瘤抑制基因 HRPT2 的失活。因此，种系 HRPT2 基因突变可能反映了未被识别的综合征患者。
