Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2011 Jan;17(1):6-11. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e3283410038.
asthma is a common chronic disease with significant clinical impact worldwide. Sex-related disparities in asthma epidemiology and morbidity exist but debate continues regarding the mechanisms for these differences. There is a need to review the recent findings for asthma care providers and to highlight areas in need of additional research.
recent data illustrate striking sex-related differences in asthma epidemiology and disease expression. Studies show an increased incidence of asthma in women. Data demonstrate that asthmatic women have a poorer quality of life and increased utilization of healthcare compared to their male counterparts despite similar medical treatment and baseline pulmonary function. Research continues to explore hypotheses for these differences including the potential influences of the female sex hormones, altered perception of airflow obstruction, increased bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and medication compliance and technique. However, no single explanation has been able to fully explain the disparities.
women are more likely to be diagnosed with asthma and suffer greater morbidity than men. The physiologic mechanisms for these differences are not well understood. Understanding sex-related differences in asthma and providing patients with education geared toward these disparities are important in establishing effective, individualized asthma management strategies for all patients.
哮喘是一种常见的慢性疾病，在全球范围内具有显著的临床影响。哮喘的流行病学和发病率存在与性别相关的差异，但对于这些差异的机制仍存在争议。有必要为哮喘护理提供者审查最近的发现，并强调需要进一步研究的领域。
最近的数据说明了哮喘流行病学和疾病表现方面明显的性别差异。研究表明女性哮喘发病率增加。数据表明，尽管接受了相同的医学治疗和基础肺功能检查，哮喘女性的生活质量较差，对医疗保健的利用率也更高。尽管研究仍在继续探索这些差异的假设，包括女性性激素、气流阻塞感知改变、支气管高反应性增加以及药物依从性和技术的潜在影响，但没有单一的解释能够完全解释这些差异。
女性比男性更有可能被诊断出患有哮喘，并且发病率更高。这些差异的生理机制尚不清楚。了解哮喘中的性别差异，并为患者提供针对这些差异的教育，对于为所有患者制定有效的个体化哮喘管理策略非常重要。
