College of Nursing, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2010 Oct;17(8):725-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2010.01591.x. Epub 2010 Jun 20.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that develops from events that are interpreted as traumatic. It may be secondary to witnessing trauma to someone close, an event that threatens one's life or childhood sexual trauma. Resultant feelings can be fear, helplessness or horror. Thresholds at which traumatic events cause PTSD, the individual's coping ability and support systems help determine occurrence and severity of symptoms. According to DSM-IV-TR (DSM) definition, PTSD can occur after childhood sexual abuse or a single trauma threatening life or safety. However, it is becoming clearer that symptoms of PTSD can arise from multiple less severe traumas ('microtraumas'), which can be a consequence of a history of longstanding emotional neglect, humiliation or inaccurate attribution of blame. The DSM should consider modifying the criteria to include multiple microtraumas that can lead to PTSD symptoms and may even be more destructive to psychological health.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是一种焦虑障碍，由被视为创伤的事件引发。它可能是由于目睹亲近的人受到创伤、威胁生命的事件或儿童期性创伤而引起的。由此产生的感觉可能是恐惧、无助或恐惧。导致 PTSD 的创伤性事件的阈值、个体的应对能力和支持系统有助于确定症状的发生和严重程度。根据 DSM-IV-TR（DSM）的定义，PTSD 可能发生在儿童期性虐待或单次威胁生命或安全的创伤之后。然而，越来越明显的是，PTSD 的症状可能是由多次不太严重的创伤（“微创伤”）引起的，这些创伤可能是长期情感忽视、羞辱或错误归因于责备的历史的结果。DSM 应该考虑修改标准，将可能导致 PTSD 症状的多次微创伤包括在内，甚至可能对心理健康更具破坏性。
