Natalini Claudio C
Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 Sala 202, 90046-902, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2010 Dec;26(3):551-64. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2010.07.005.
In the past 10 years, there have been many recent advances in spinal techniques in horses, both epidural and subarachnoid, to identify drugs or drug combinations that have sensory effects without motor nerve paralysis, thus providing pain control without these horses becoming recumbent. Opioids, alpha-2 agonists, dissociative drugs, and others have been investigated. Many of these drugs, which have serious side effects when injected systemically in horses, have been shown to have useful analgesic effects when injected spinally. Morphine-like opioids have the greatest potential for spinal use as they produce long-lasting analgesia without motor effects. Often the doses used spinally are significantly lower than those needed for systemic effects.
在过去10年里，马的脊柱技术（包括硬膜外和蛛网膜下技术）取得了许多新进展，以确定那些具有感觉作用而无运动神经麻痹的药物或药物组合，从而在马匹不躺卧的情况下实现疼痛控制。阿片类药物、α-2激动剂、分离麻醉药等都已得到研究。其中许多药物在对马进行全身注射时会产生严重副作用，但经脊髓注射时已显示出有效的镇痛作用。类吗啡阿片类药物在脊髓应用方面潜力最大，因为它们能产生持久的镇痛作用且无运动效应。通常脊髓注射所用剂量显著低于全身用药所需剂量。
