Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2011 Jan;37(1):44-59. doi: 10.1037/a0021205.
The influence of semantic processing on the serial ordering of items in short-term memory was explored using a novel dual-task paradigm. Participants engaged in 2 picture-judgment tasks while simultaneously performing delayed serial recall. List material varied in the presence of phonological overlap (Experiments 1 and 2) and in semantic content (concrete words in Experiment 1 and 3; nonwords in Experiments 2 and 3). Picture judgments varied in the extent to which they required accessing visual semantic information (i.e., semantic categorization and line orientation judgments). Results showed that, relative to line-orientation judgments, engaging in semantic categorization judgments increased the proportion of item-ordering errors for concrete lists but did not affect error proportions for nonword lists. Furthermore, although more ordering errors were observed for phonologically similar relative to dissimilar lists, no interactions were observed between the phonological overlap and picture-judgment task manipulations. These results demonstrate that lexical-semantic representations can affect the serial ordering of items in short-term memory. Furthermore, the dual-task paradigm provides a new method for examining when and how semantic representations affect memory performance.
使用一种新的双重任务范式探索了语义处理对短期记忆中项目顺序排列的影响。参与者在进行 2 个图片判断任务的同时进行延迟序列回忆。列表材料在存在语音重叠（实验 1 和 2）和语义内容（具体词在实验 1 和 3；非词在实验 2 和 3）方面有所不同。图片判断在需要访问视觉语义信息的程度上有所不同（即语义分类和线条方向判断）。结果表明，与线条方向判断相比，进行语义分类判断会增加具体列表的项目排序错误的比例，但不会影响非词列表的错误比例。此外，尽管相对于不相似的列表，语音相似的列表观察到更多的排序错误，但在语音重叠和图片判断任务操作之间没有观察到交互作用。这些结果表明，词汇语义表示可以影响短期记忆中项目的顺序排列。此外，双重任务范式为检查语义表示何时以及如何影响记忆性能提供了一种新方法。
