Anthropological Survey of India, Jawaharlal Nehru Road, India.
Can J Neurol Sci. 2010 Sep;37(5):637-42. doi: 10.1017/s0317167100010829.
While the cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown, evidence suggests certain environmental factors, such as well water drinking, herbicides, pesticides exposure and neurotoxins, may trigger the chain of oxidative reactions culminating in the death of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra to cause Parkinsonism. To investigate the possible impact of environmental risk factors for idiopathic PD, a case-control study was performed in the Eastern India.
During the period from January 1st, 2006 and December 10th, 2009, 175 PD patients (140 men, 35 women) and 350 non-Parkinson age-sex matched controls were included in the study. Subjects were given a structured neurological examination and completed an administered questionnaire which elicited detailed information on demographic data, pesticides, herbicides family history, occupation, dietary and smoking habits.
The multivariate analysis revealed that family history of PD, pesticide exposure, exposure to toxins other than pesticides and herbicides, rural living and previous history of depression were associated with increased risk of PD, whereas, smoking appeared to be a protective factor. Well water drinking for at least five years, though a significant risk factor on univariate analysis (OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 2.1-9.9), could not be proved significant in multivariate analysis. Head trauma, vegetarian dietary habit, occupation involving physical exertion and exposure to domestic pets were not as significant risk factors.
Results of our study support the hypothesis of multifactorial etiology of PD with environmental factors acting on a genetically susceptible host.
帕金森病（PD）的病因仍然未知，但有证据表明，某些环境因素，如饮用井水、除草剂、农药暴露和神经毒素，可能引发导致黑质多巴胺能神经元死亡的氧化反应链，从而引发帕金森病。为了研究特发性 PD 的环境危险因素的可能影响，在印度东部进行了一项病例对照研究。
在 2006 年 1 月 1 日至 2009 年 12 月 10 日期间，纳入了 175 名 PD 患者（140 名男性，35 名女性）和 350 名非帕金森病年龄性别匹配的对照。对受试者进行了详细的神经系统检查和问卷调查，以获得人口统计学数据、农药、除草剂家族史、职业、饮食和吸烟习惯等详细信息。
多变量分析显示，PD 家族史、农药暴露、暴露于除农药和除草剂以外的毒素、农村生活和既往抑郁史与 PD 风险增加相关，而吸烟似乎是一种保护因素。至少饮用井水五年虽然在单变量分析中是一个显著的危险因素（OR=4.5，95%CI=2.1-9.9），但在多变量分析中无法证明其显著。头部创伤、素食饮食习惯、涉及体力劳动的职业和接触家养宠物并不是重要的危险因素。
我们的研究结果支持 PD 多因素病因假说，环境因素作用于遗传易感宿主。
