USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2010 Oct;103(5):1569-76. doi: 10.1603/ec10140.
Firewood can serve as a vector in the transport of non-native species, including wood-boring insects that feed within the wood and thus can be transported accidentally. Governments have enacted limitations on the movement of firewood in an effort to limit the anthropogenic movement of non-native species through, for example, recreational camping. Although the movement of invasive species through firewood is a documented invasion pathway, it is not trivial for governments to determine a "safe" allowable distance for moving firewood. We were motivated by this challenge and developed a theoretical simulation to determine the campgrounds that could be potentially exposed to infested firewood based upon the hypothetical distribution of an invasive species and the allowable distance for moving firewood. We extend this concept to the known distributions of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). We illustrate, based upon theoretical and empirical observations, that as the distribution of an invasive species increases, more rigid constraints on the movement of firewood would be required relative to those species that are distributed over a smaller scale. Also, on the level of management within a state, smaller states have far less margin for error than larger ones, as even extremely rigid restrictions on the movement of firewood could have little management effect unless the infested area is spatially limited. These results collectively suggest the potential for a dynamic management strategy that adjusts allowable distances for firewood movement based upon the distribution of the non-native species.
薪柴可以作为非本地物种传播的载体，包括在木材内觅食的蛀木昆虫，这些昆虫可能会被意外传播。各国政府已经对薪柴的运输实施了限制，以限制非本地物种通过例如娱乐露营等人为方式传播。尽管通过薪柴传播入侵物种是一种已被记录的入侵途径，但对于政府来说，确定可安全移动薪柴的“允许”距离并非易事。我们受到这一挑战的启发，开发了一种理论模拟，以根据入侵物种的假设分布和可移动薪柴的允许距离，确定可能暴露于受感染薪柴的露营地。我们将这个概念扩展到已知的绿斑楔天牛和亚洲长角天牛的分布上，这两种昆虫均属于鞘翅目天牛科。我们根据理论和经验观察表明，随着入侵物种分布范围的扩大，相对于分布范围较小的物种，对薪柴移动的限制将更加严格。此外，在州内的管理层面上，较小的州比较大的州犯错的余地要小得多，因为即使对薪柴移动实施非常严格的限制，如果受感染地区的空间有限，也几乎不会对管理产生影响。这些结果共同表明，根据非本地物种的分布情况，调整可移动薪柴距离的动态管理策略具有潜力。
