Laboratory for Neuronal Circuit Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
J Neurosci. 2010 Nov 10;30(45):14998-5004. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4190-10.2010.
This mini-symposium aims to provide an integrated perspective on recent developments in optogenetics. Research in this emerging field combines optical methods with targeted expression of genetically encoded, protein-based probes to achieve experimental manipulation and measurement of neural systems with superior temporal and spatial resolution. The essential components of the optogenetic toolbox consist of two kinds of molecular devices: actuators and reporters, which respectively enable light-mediated control or monitoring of molecular processes. The first generation of genetically encoded calcium reporters, fluorescent proteins, and neural activators has already had a great impact on neuroscience. Now, a second generation of voltage reporters, neural silencers, and functionally extended fluorescent proteins hold great promise for continuing this revolution. In this review, we will evaluate and highlight the limitations of presently available optogenic tools and discuss where these technologies and their applications are headed in the future.
本次小型研讨会旨在提供光遗传学最新发展的综合视角。这一新兴领域的研究将光学方法与靶向表达基因编码的基于蛋白质的探针相结合，以实现对神经的实验操作和测量，具有卓越的时空分辨率。光遗传学工具包的基本组件由两种分子设备组成：致动器和报告器，它们分别能够用光介导的方式控制或监测分子过程。第一代遗传编码钙报告蛋白、荧光蛋白和神经激活剂已经对神经科学产生了重大影响。现在，第二代电压报告器、神经沉默器和功能扩展的荧光蛋白有望继续推动这一革命。在本次综述中，我们将评估和强调目前可用的光遗传学工具的局限性，并讨论这些技术及其应用在未来的发展方向。
