Institute of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Exp Brain Res. 2011 Feb;208(3):459-65. doi: 10.1007/s00221-010-2482-1. Epub 2010 Nov 11.
Learning to write requires the repeated manual production of spatial patterns. It remains unclear whether tracing or copying provides better training: tracing provides accurate and immediate performance feedback, whereas copying may require greater use of memory and recall during training. We asked sixteen adults to copy or trace novel patterns then reproduce these from memory using a stylus and tablet PC. A week later, a retention test was performed. Sophisticated analyses indexed the extent to which participants had learned the dimensions and shape of patterns. We found that participants: (a) showed better shape and dimensional accuracy when tracing; (b) had better shape and dimensional retention immediately after tracing; (c) showed no differences between copying and tracing in their ability to redraw the pattern (shape or dimensions) 1 week later. Our methods provide a useful starting point for examining training and feedback on the generation and recall of spatial patterns.
学习写作需要反复手动生成空间模式。目前尚不清楚临摹还是描摹能提供更好的训练：临摹提供了准确且即时的表现反馈，而描摹在训练过程中可能需要更多地利用记忆和回忆。我们让十六位成年人临摹或描摹新的图案，然后用触笔和平板电脑凭记忆再现这些图案。一周后进行了保留测试。复杂的分析索引了参与者学习图案维度和形状的程度。我们发现参与者：(a)在临摹时表现出更好的形状和维度准确性；(b)在临摹后立即具有更好的形状和维度保留；(c)在一周后重新绘制图案（形状或维度）的能力方面，临摹和描摹之间没有差异。我们的方法为研究空间模式生成和回忆的训练和反馈提供了一个有用的起点。
