Département de Parasitologie-mycologie, Faculté de médecine, Université des Sciences de la Santé, B.P. 4009 Libreville, Gabon.
Malar J. 2010 Nov 11;9:321. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-321.
Urban malaria is a major health priority for civilian and militaries populations. A preliminary entomologic study has been conducted in 2006-2007, in the French military camps of the two mains towns of Gabon: Libreville and Port-Gentil. The aim was to assess the malaria transmission risk for troops.
Mosquitoes sampled by human landing collection were identified morphologically and by molecular methods. The Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoïte (CSP) indexes were measured by ELISA, and the entomological inoculation rates (EIR) were calculated for both areas. Molecular assessments of pyrethroid knock down (kdr) resistance and of insensitive acetylcholinesterase resistance were conducted.
In Libreville, Anopheles gambiae s.s. S form was the only specie of the An. gambiae complex present and was responsible of 9.4 bites per person per night. The circumsporozoïte index was 0.15% and the entomological inoculation rate estimated to be 1.23 infective bites during the four months period. In Port-Gentil, Anopheles melas (75.5% of catches) and An. gambiae s.s. S form (24.5%) were responsible of 58.7 bites per person per night. The CSP indexes were of 1.67% for An. gambiae s.s and 0.28% for An. melas and the EIRs were respectively of 1.8 infective bites per week and of 0.8 infective bites per week. Both kdr-w and kdr-e mutations in An. gambiae S form were found in Libreville and in Port-Gentil. Insensitive acetylcholinesterase has been detected for the first time in Gabon in Libreville.
Malaria transmission exists in both town, but with high difference in the level of risk. The co-occurrence of molecular resistances to the main families of insecticide has implications for the effectiveness of the current vector control programmes that are based on pyrethroid-impregnated bed nets.
城市疟疾是平民和军队人口的主要卫生重点。2006-2007 年，在加蓬的两个主要城镇利伯维尔和让蒂尔港的法国军营进行了一项初步的昆虫学研究。目的是评估部队的疟疾传播风险。
通过人体降落收集的蚊子进行形态学和分子方法鉴定。通过 ELISA 测量恶性疟原虫环子孢子蛋白（CSP）指数，并计算两个地区的昆虫接种率（EIR）。还进行了拟除虫菊酯击倒（kdr）抗性和非敏感乙酰胆碱酯酶抗性的分子评估。
在利伯维尔，冈比亚按蚊 s.s. S 型是冈比亚按蚊复合体中唯一存在的物种，每晚导致 9.4 人被叮咬。环子孢子蛋白指数为 0.15%，在四个月期间估计昆虫接种率为 1.23 次感染性叮咬。在让蒂尔港，黑按蚊（75.5%的捕获物）和冈比亚按蚊 s.s. S 型（24.5%）导致每人每晚被叮咬 58.7 次。冈比亚按蚊 s.s.和黑按蚊的 CSP 指数分别为 1.67%和 0.28%，EIR 分别为每周 1.8 次感染性叮咬和每周 0.8 次感染性叮咬。在利伯维尔和让蒂尔港均发现冈比亚按蚊 S 型的 kdr-w 和 kdr-e 突变。在利伯维尔，首次在加蓬检测到非敏感乙酰胆碱酯酶。
两个城镇都存在疟疾传播，但风险水平存在很大差异。主要杀虫剂家族的分子抗性共存对基于拟除虫菊酯浸渍蚊帐的当前病媒控制计划的有效性产生影响。
