Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Muheza, Tanzania.
Malar J. 2010 Jan 19;9:21. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-21.
Combination mosquito nets incorporating two unrelated insecticides or insecticide plus synergist are designed to control insecticide resistant mosquitoes. PermaNet 3.0 is a long-lasting combination net incorporating deltamethrin on the side panels and a mixture of deltamethrin and synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) on the top panel. PBO is an inhibitor of mixed function oxidases implicated in pyrethroid resistance.
An experimental hut trial comparing PermaNet 3.0, PermaNet 2.0 and a conventional deltamethrin-treated net was conducted in NE Tanzania using standard WHOPES procedures. The PermaNet arms included unwashed nets and nets washed 20 times. PermaNet 2.0 is a long-lasting insecticidal net incorporating deltamethrin as a single active.
Against pyrethroid susceptible Anopheles gambiae the unwashed PermaNet 3.0 showed no difference to unwashed PermaNet 2.0 in terms of mortality (95% killed), but showed differences in blood-feeding rate (3% blood-fed with PermaNet 3.0 versus 10% with PermaNet 2.0). After 20 washes the two products showed no difference in feeding rate (10% with 3.0 and 9% with 2.0) but showed small differences in mortality (95% with 3.0 and 87% with 2.0). Against pyrethroid resistant Culex quinquefasciatus, mediated by elevated oxidase and kdr mechanisms, the unwashed PermaNet 3.0 killed 48% and PermaNet 2.0 killed 32% but after 20 washes there was no significant difference in mortality between the two products (32% killed by 3.0 and 30% by 2.0). For protecting against Culex PermaNet 3.0 showed no difference to PermaNet 2.0 when either unwashed or after 20 washes; both products were highly protective against biting. Laboratory tunnel bioassays confirmed the loss of biological activity of the PBO/deltamethrin-treated panel after washing.
Both PermaNet products were highly effective against susceptible Anopheles gambiae. As a long-lasting net to control or protect against pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes PermaNet 3.0 showed limited improvement over PermaNet 2.0 against Culex quinquefasciatus.
结合两种不相关的杀虫剂或杀虫剂加增效剂的组合蚊帐旨在控制抗杀虫剂的蚊子。PermaNet 3.0 是一种长效组合蚊帐，在侧板上含有氯菊酯，在顶面板上含有氯菊酯和增效剂胡椒基丁醚 (PBO) 的混合物。PBO 是一种混合功能氧化酶抑制剂，与拟除虫菊酯抗性有关。
在坦桑尼亚东北部，使用标准的 WHOPES 程序，进行了一项实验性棚屋试验，比较了 PermaNet 3.0、PermaNet 2.0 和常规氯菊酯处理的蚊帐。PermaNet 臂包括未清洗的蚊帐和清洗 20 次的蚊帐。PermaNet 2.0 是一种长效杀虫剂蚊帐，含有作为单一活性成分的氯菊酯。
在对抗对拟除虫菊酯敏感的冈比亚按蚊方面，未经清洗的 PermaNet 3.0 在死亡率（95%杀死）方面与未经清洗的 PermaNet 2.0 没有差异，但在吸血率方面存在差异（3%的 PermaNet 3.0 吸血，而 PermaNet 2.0 为 10%）。经过 20 次洗涤后，两种产品在吸血率方面没有差异（PermaNet 3.0 为 10%，PermaNet 2.0 为 9%），但在死亡率方面存在微小差异（PermaNet 3.0 为 95%，PermaNet 2.0 为 87%）。在对抗由氧化酶和 kdr 机制介导的对拟除虫菊酯有抗性的库蚊方面，未经清洗的 PermaNet 3.0 杀死了 48%，PermaNet 2.0 杀死了 32%，但经过 20 次洗涤后，两种产品之间的死亡率没有显著差异（PermaNet 3.0 杀死了 32%，PermaNet 2.0 杀死了 30%）。对于保护免受库蚊的侵害，未经清洗或清洗 20 次后，PermaNet 3.0 与 PermaNet 2.0 相比没有差异；两种产品都对叮咬有高度保护作用。实验室隧道生物测定证实，洗涤后 PBO/氯菊酯处理面板的生物活性丧失。
两种 PermaNet 产品对敏感的冈比亚按蚊均具有高度有效性。作为一种长效蚊帐，用于控制或保护对拟除虫菊酯有抗性的蚊子，PermaNet 3.0 对库蚊的效果比 PermaNet 2.0 略有改善。
