Muntaner Carles, Benach Joan, Chung Haejoo, Edwin N G, Schrecker Ted
Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Canada.
Gac Sanit. 2010 Dec;24 Suppl 1:56-61. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2010.09.013. Epub 2010 Nov 13.
Since the nineteen seventies, high- and low-income countries have undergone a pattern of transnational economic and cultural integration known as globalization. The weight of the available evidence suggests that the effects of globalization on labor markets have increased economic inequality and various forms of economic insecurity that negatively affect workers' health. Research on the relation between labor markets and health is hampered by the social invisibility of many of these health inequalities. Empirical evidence of the impact of employment relations on health inequalities is scarce for low-income countries, small firms, rural settings, and sectors of the economy in which "informality" is widespread. Information is also scarce on the effectiveness of labor market interventions in reducing health inequalities. This pattern is likely to continue in the future unless governments adopt active labor market policies. Such policies include creating jobs through state intervention, regulating the labor market to protect employment, supporting unions, and ensuring occupational safety and health standards.
自20世纪70年代以来，高收入国家和低收入国家经历了一种被称为全球化的跨国经济和文化一体化模式。现有证据表明，全球化对劳动力市场的影响加剧了经济不平等以及各种形式的经济不安全状况，这些都对工人健康产生了负面影响。劳动力市场与健康之间关系的研究受到许多此类健康不平等现象在社会层面不可见性的阻碍。对于低收入国家、小企业、农村地区以及“非正规性”普遍存在的经济部门而言，关于就业关系对健康不平等影响的实证证据稀缺。关于劳动力市场干预措施在减少健康不平等方面有效性的信息也很匮乏。除非政府采取积极的劳动力市场政策，这种模式在未来可能会持续下去。此类政策包括通过国家干预创造就业机会；规范劳动力市场以保护就业；支持工会；以及确保职业安全与健康标准。
