School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Marine Environmental and Economic Research, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
PLoS One. 2010 Nov 5;5(11):e13670. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013670.
Over-exploited fisheries are a common feature of the modern world and a range of solutions including area closures (marine reserves; MRs), effort reduction, gear changes, ecosystem-based management, incentives and co-management have been suggested as techniques to rebuild over-fished populations. Historic accounts of lobster (Jasus frontalis) on the Chilean Juan Fernández Archipelago indicate a high abundance at all depths (intertidal to approximately 165 m), but presently lobsters are found almost exclusively in deeper regions of their natural distribution. Fishers' ecological knowledge (FEK) tells a story of serial depletion in lobster abundance at fishing grounds located closest to the fishing port with an associated decline in catch per unit effort (CPUE) throughout recent history. We have re-constructed baselines of lobster biomass throughout human history on the archipelago using historic data, the fishery catch record and FEK to permit examination of the potential effects of MRs, effort reduction and co-management (stewardship of catch) to restore stocks. We employed a bioeconomic model using FEK, fishery catch and effort data, underwater survey information, predicted population growth and response to MR protection (no-take) to explore different management strategies and their trade-offs to restore stocks and improve catches. Our findings indicate that increased stewardship of catch coupled with 30% area closure (MR) provides the best option to reconstruct historic baselines. Based on model predictions, continued exploitation under the current management scheme is highly influenced by annual fluctuations and unsustainable. We propose a community-based co-management program to implement a MR in order to rebuild the lobster population while also providing conservation protection for marine species endemic to the Archipelago.
过度捕捞的渔业是现代世界的一个普遍特征，包括区域关闭（海洋保护区；MRs）、减少努力、更换渔具、基于生态系统的管理、激励措施和共同管理在内的一系列解决方案被认为是重建过度捕捞种群的技术。智利胡安·费尔南德斯群岛龙虾（Jasus frontalis）的历史记载表明，在所有深度（潮间带到大约 165 米）都有很高的丰度，但目前龙虾几乎只在其自然分布的较深区域发现。渔民的生态知识（FEK）讲述了一个关于在离渔港最近的渔场上龙虾丰度连续减少的故事，伴随着单位捕捞努力量（CPUE）的下降。在整个历史上，我们利用历史数据、渔业捕捞记录和 FEK，在该群岛上重建了龙虾生物量的基线，以研究 MRs、减少努力和共同管理（捕捞管理）对恢复种群的潜在影响。我们使用 FEK、渔业捕捞和努力数据、水下调查信息、预测的种群增长和对 MR 保护（禁捕）的反应，采用生物经济模型，探索了不同的管理策略及其权衡，以恢复种群和提高捕捞量。我们的研究结果表明，增加对捕捞的管理，加上 30%的区域关闭（MR），是重建历史基线的最佳选择。基于模型预测，在当前管理方案下继续开发受年度波动影响极大，不可持续。我们建议实施基于社区的共同管理计划，以建立一个 MR，在重建龙虾种群的同时，为该群岛特有的海洋物种提供保护。
