Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, USA.
Ecol Appl. 2012 Jan;22(1):322-35. doi: 10.1890/11-0155.1.
Assessments of the conservation and fisheries effects of marine reserves typically focus on single reserves where sampling occurs over narrow spatiotemporal scales. A strategy for broadening the collection and interpretation of data is collaborative fisheries research (CFR). Here we report results of a CFR program formed in part to test whether reserves at the Santa Barbara Channel Islands, USA, influenced lobster size and trap yield, and whether abundance changes in reserves led to spillover that influenced trap yield and effort distribution near reserve borders. Industry training of scientists allowed us to sample reserves with fishery relevant metrics that we compared with pre-reserve fishing records, a concurrent port sampling program, fishery effort patterns, the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of fishermen, and fishery-independent visual surveys of lobster abundance. After six years of reserve protection, there was a four- to eightfold increase in trap yield, a 5-10% increase in the mean size (carapace length) of legal sized lobsters, and larger size structure of lobsters trapped inside vs. outside of three replicate reserves. Patterns in trap data were corroborated by visual scuba surveys that indicated a four- to sixfold increase in lobster density inside reserves. Population increases within reserves did not lead to increased trap yields or effort concentrations (fishing the line) immediately outside reserve borders. The absence of these catch and effort trends, which are indicative of spillover, may be due to moderate total mortality (Z = 0.59 for legal sized lobsters outside reserves), which was estimated from analysis of growth and length frequency data collected as part of our CFR program. Spillover at the Channel Islands reserves may be occurring but at levels that are insufficient to influence the fishery dynamics that we measured. Future increases in fishing effort (outside reserves) and lobster biomass (inside reserves) are likely and may lead to increased spillover, and CFR provides an ideal platform for continued assessment of fishery-reserve interactions.
海洋保护区的保护和渔业影响评估通常集中在单个保护区，这些保护区的采样时间和空间范围较窄。拓宽数据收集和解释的策略是合作渔业研究 (CFR)。在这里，我们报告了一个 CFR 计划的结果，该计划的部分目的是测试美国圣巴巴拉海峡群岛的保护区是否影响龙虾的大小和陷阱产量，以及保护区内生物量的变化是否导致外溢，从而影响保护区边界附近的陷阱产量和努力分布。对科学家进行行业培训使我们能够使用与渔业相关的指标来采样保护区，我们将这些指标与保护区前的捕捞记录、同时进行的港口采样计划、渔业努力模式、渔民的本地生态知识 (LEK) 以及对龙虾丰度的渔业独立视觉调查进行比较。在六年的保护区保护之后，陷阱产量增加了四到八倍，合法大小龙虾的平均大小（甲壳长度）增加了 5-10%，而且在三个重复保护区内捕获的龙虾体型结构更大。这些陷阱数据的模式得到了潜水视觉调查的证实，表明保护区内龙虾密度增加了四到六倍。保护区内种群的增加并没有导致保护区边界外的陷阱产量或努力浓度（沿着线捕鱼）立即增加。没有这些捕捞和努力趋势（表明外溢）可能是由于适度的总死亡率（保护区外合法大小龙虾的 Z 值为 0.59），这是从我们 CFR 计划收集的生长和长度频率数据的分析中估计的。海峡群岛保护区可能正在发生外溢，但水平不足以影响我们测量的渔业动态。未来捕捞努力（保护区外）和龙虾生物量（保护区内）的增加可能会导致外溢增加，而 CFR 为继续评估渔业-保护区相互作用提供了理想的平台。
