Climate Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, BC, Canada.
Int J Biometeorol. 2011 Sep;55(5):695-709. doi: 10.1007/s00484-010-0385-2. Epub 2010 Nov 16.
Effective radiation area factors (f (eff)) and projected area factors (f (p)) of unclothed Caucasians' standing and walking postures used in estimating human radiation exchange with the surrounding environment were determined from a sample of adults in Canada. Several three-dimensional (3D) computer body models were created for standing and walking postures. Only small differences in f (eff) and f (p) values for standing posture were found between gender (male or female) and body type (normal- or over-weight). Differences between this study and previous studies were much larger: ≤0.173 in f (p) and ≤0.101 in f (eff). Directionless f (p) values for walking posture also had only minor differences between genders and positions in a stride. However, the differences of mean directional f (p) values of the positions dependent on azimuth angles were large enough, ≤0.072, to create important differences in modeled radiation receipt. Differences in f (eff) values were small: 0.02 between the normal-weight male and female models and up to 0.033 between positions in a stride. Variations of directional f (p) values depending on solar altitudes for walking posture were narrower than those for standing posture. When both standing and walking postures are considered, the mean f (eff) value, 0.836, of standing (0.826) and walking (0.846) could be used. However, f (p) values should be selected carefully because differences between directional and directionless f (p) values were large enough that they could influence the estimated level of human thermal sensation.
本研究采用加拿大成年人样本，确定了用于估算人体与周围环境辐射交换的裸体白种人站姿和行走姿势的有效辐射面积系数（f（eff））和投影面积系数（f（p））。为站姿和行走姿势创建了几个三维（3D）计算机人体模型。性别（男性或女性）和体型（正常体重或超重）对站姿的 f（eff）和 f（p）值差异很小。本研究与以往研究的差异要大得多：f（p）≤0.173，f（eff）≤0.101。行走姿势的无向 f（p）值在性别和步幅位置之间也只有很小的差异。然而，依赖于方位角的位置的平均定向 f（p）值的差异足够大，≤0.072，足以在建模的辐射接收中产生重要差异。f（eff）值的差异很小：正常体重的男性和女性模型之间为 0.02，步幅位置之间最大为 0.033。行走姿势的定向 f（p）值随太阳高度的变化比站姿更窄。当同时考虑站姿和行走姿势时，站立（0.826）和行走（0.846）的平均 f（eff）值 0.836 可以使用。然而，f（p）值应该谨慎选择，因为定向和无向 f（p）值之间的差异足够大，足以影响人体热感觉的估计水平。
