School of Environmental Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Apr;119(4):501-7. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1002511. Epub 2010 Nov 16.
Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that exposure to road traffic is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
We aimed to identify specific traffic-related air pollutants that are associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity and mortality to support evidence-based environmental policy making.
This population-based cohort study included a 5-year exposure period and a 4-year follow-up period. All residents 45-85 years of age who resided in Metropolitan Vancouver during the exposure period and without known CHD at baseline were included in this study (n=452,735). Individual exposures to traffic-related air pollutants including black carbon, fine particles [aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM(2.5))], nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), and nitric oxide were estimated at residences of the subjects using land-use regression models and integrating changes in residences during the exposure period. CHD hospitalizations and deaths during the follow-up period were identified from provincial hospitalization and death registration records.
An interquartile range elevation in the average concentration of black carbon (0.94 × 10(-5)/m filter absorbance, equivalent to approximately 0.8 µg/m(3) elemental carbon) was associated with a 3% increase in CHD hospitalization (95% confidence interval, 1-5%) and a 6% increase in CHD mortality (3-9%) after adjusting for age, sex, preexisting comorbidity, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and copollutants (PM(2.5) and NO(2)). There were clear linear exposure-response relationships between black carbon and coronary events.
Long-term exposure to traffic-related fine particulate air pollution, indicated by black carbon, may partly explain the observed associations between exposure to road traffic and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
流行病学研究表明，道路交通暴露与不良心血管结局有关。
我们旨在确定与冠心病发病率和死亡率相关的特定与交通有关的空气污染物，以支持基于证据的环境政策制定。
这项基于人群的队列研究包括 5 年的暴露期和 4 年的随访期。所有在暴露期内在大温哥华地区居住且在基线时无已知冠心病的 45-85 岁居民均纳入本研究（n=452735）。使用基于土地利用的回归模型和整合暴露期内住所的变化，在研究对象的住所处估算与交通有关的空气污染物（包括黑碳、细颗粒物[空气动力学直径≤2.5µm（PM（2.5））]、二氧化氮（NO（2））和一氧化氮）的个体暴露。在随访期间，通过省级住院和死亡登记记录确定冠心病住院和死亡情况。
黑碳（0.94×10（-5）/m 滤膜吸光度，相当于约 0.8µg/m（3）元素碳）的平均浓度升高 1 个四分位间距与冠心病住院率增加 3%（95%置信区间，1%-5%）和冠心病死亡率增加 6%（3%-9%）相关，校正年龄、性别、既往合并症、邻里社会经济地位和共污染物（PM（2.5）和 NO（2））后。黑碳与冠状动脉事件之间存在明确的线性暴露-反应关系。
长期暴露于交通相关的细颗粒物空气污染，如黑碳，可能部分解释了道路交通暴露与不良心血管结局之间的观察到的关联。
