Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland.
J Physiol Pharmacol. 2010 Oct;61(5):533-41.
It is well documented that physical activity can induce a number of various stimuli which are able to enhance the strength and endurance performance of muscles. Moreover, regular physical activity can preserve or delay the appearance of several metabolic disorders in the human body. Physical exercise is also known to enhance the mood and cognitive functions of active people, although the physiological backgrounds of these effects remain unclear. In recent years, since the pioneering study in the past showed that physical activity increases the expression of the brain derived neurothophic factor (BDNF) in the rat brain, a number of studies were undertaken in order to establish the link between that neurothrophin and post-exercise enhancement of mood and cognitive functions in humans. It was recently demonstrated that physical exercise can increase plasma and/or serum BDNF concentration in humans. It was also reported that physical exercise or electrical stimulation can increase the BDNF expression in the skeletal muscles. In the present review, we report the current state of research concerning the effect of a single bout of exercise and training on the BDNF expression in the brain, in both the working muscles as well as on its concentrations in the blood. We have concluded that there may be potential benefits of the exercise-induced enhancement of the BDNF expression and release in the brain as well as in the peripheral tissues, resulting in the improvement of the functioning of the body, although this effect, especially in humans, requires more research.
有大量文献记载，身体活动能引发多种刺激，从而增强肌肉的力量和耐力。此外，有规律的身体活动可以预防或延缓人体出现多种代谢紊乱。身体锻炼也被认为能改善积极锻炼者的情绪和认知功能，尽管这些效果的生理背景仍不清楚。近年来，由于过去的开创性研究表明，身体活动能增加老鼠大脑中脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的表达，因此开展了许多研究，以确定这种神经营养因子与运动后改善人类情绪和认知功能之间的联系。最近的研究表明，身体活动可以增加人体血浆和/或血清 BDNF 浓度。据报道，身体锻炼或电刺激可以增加骨骼肌中的 BDNF 表达。在本综述中，我们报告了单次运动和训练对大脑、工作肌肉中的 BDNF 表达及其在血液中的浓度的影响的最新研究状况。我们得出的结论是，运动引起的大脑和外周组织中 BDNF 表达和释放的增强可能会带来潜在的益处，从而改善身体的功能，尽管这种效应，特别是在人类中，需要更多的研究。
