Bruerd B
Public Health Rep. 1990 Mar-Apr;105(2):196-201.
Seven published and two unpublished surveys of Native American school children's use of smokeless tobacco (ST) are reviewed. The surveys represent school children in the States of South Dakota, Montana, Nebraska, Washington, Arizona, New Mexico, and Alaska. This review describes and discusses the survey methods, prevalence, duration, and intensity of ST use, and ST health effects documented in these studies. Prevalence of regular ST use ranges from 18 percent in kindergartners through 6th graders to 55.9 percent among 9th and 10th graders. In two studies that surveyed kindergartners, regular use was reported at 13 percent in one study and 21 percent in the other. Comparisons to use by non-Native Americans, as reported in surveys, demonstrate the severity of the problem in Native American communities. There appear to be three significant findings related to Native American ST use: (a) young age of onset of ST use, (b) similar prevalence of use among adolescent boys and girls, and (c) higher overall prevalence of ST use when compared to non-Native American populations. Acceptance of the habit, peer pressure, and addiction seem to be contributing to the high ST use in Native American communities.
本文回顾了七项已发表和两项未发表的关于美国原住民学童使用无烟烟草（ST）情况的调查。这些调查涵盖了南达科他州、蒙大拿州、内布拉斯加州、华盛顿州、亚利桑那州、新墨西哥州和阿拉斯加州的学童。本综述描述并讨论了这些研究中的调查方法、ST使用的流行率、持续时间和强度，以及所记录的ST对健康的影响。经常使用ST的流行率范围从幼儿园到六年级学生中的18%，到九年级和十年级学生中的55.9%。在两项针对幼儿园儿童的研究中，一项研究报告的经常使用率为13%，另一项为21%。调查中报告的与非美国原住民使用情况的比较，表明了美国原住民社区中该问题的严重性。与美国原住民使用ST相关似乎有三个重要发现：（a）开始使用ST的年龄较小，（b）青少年男孩和女孩中的使用流行率相似，以及（c）与非美国原住民人群相比，ST使用的总体流行率更高。对这种习惯的接受、同伴压力和成瘾似乎是美国原住民社区中ST高使用率的原因。
