Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2010 Nov-Dec;86(6):488-92. doi: 10.2223/JPED.2039. Epub 2010 Nov 17.
To evaluate the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in a cohort of children.
A cohort study nested in a randomized field trial. Children were recruited at birth at the maternity unit of the only public hospital in the city of São Leopoldo, southern Brazil. This study assessed iron status (hemoglobin and serum ferritin) when children were 12-16 months old and later at the age of 3-4 years. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin concentration < 11.0 g/dL; iron deficiency as serum ferritin < 15.0 µg/L; and iron deficiency anemia as hemoglobin concentration < 11.0 g/dL with iron deficiency.
At age 12-16 months, the overall prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia was 63.7, 90.3 and 58.8%, respectively. The values for age group 3-4 years were 38.1, 16.1 and 7.4%, respectively. At age 12-16 months, 95% of anemia cases were associated with iron deficiency against only 19.3% of cases at age 3-4 years.
Iron deficiency was the main cause of anemia in the second year of life, but not at age 3-4 years. Thus, we point out that anemia in preschool children may have other causes and deserves careful assessment.
评估某队列儿童的贫血、缺铁和缺铁性贫血患病率。
这是一项嵌套在随机现场试验中的队列研究。在巴西南部圣莱奥波尔多市唯一一家公立医院的妇产科，于出生时招募儿童入组。本研究在儿童 12-16 个月龄和 3-4 岁时评估铁状态（血红蛋白和血清铁蛋白）。贫血定义为血红蛋白浓度<11.0g/dL；缺铁为血清铁蛋白<15.0μg/L；缺铁性贫血为血红蛋白浓度<11.0g/dL 伴缺铁。
12-16 月龄时，贫血、缺铁和缺铁性贫血的总患病率分别为 63.7%、90.3%和 58.8%。3-4 岁时的患病率分别为 38.1%、16.1%和 7.4%。12-16 月龄时，95%的贫血病例与缺铁相关，而 3-4 岁时仅为 19.3%。
缺铁是生命第二年贫血的主要原因，但在 3-4 岁时并非如此。因此，我们指出，学龄前儿童贫血可能有其他原因，需要仔细评估。
