Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
J Sports Sci. 2011 Jan;29(1):73-82. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2010.521946.
Macronutrient intake, height, weight, and body composition of 60 adolescent sprint athletes were estimated every 6 months over 3 years. Seven-day food records were analysed based on the Belgian and Dutch food databanks. The age of participants at the start of the 3-year study was 14.8 ± 1.6 years for female athletes and 14.7 ± 1.9 years for male athletes. Girls and boys gained height (3.4 ± 4.6 cm and 5.9 ± 6.6 cm respectively) and weight (5.6 ± 3.5 kg and 8.7 ± 5.5 kg respectively), whereas percent body fat remained unchanged in both girls and boys (around 17.0% and 8.5% respectively). Mean protein intake of around 1.5 g · kg⁻¹ body weight was within recommendations on each occasion for both sexes. Carbohydrate intakes between 5 and 7 g · kg⁻¹ body weight support a training programme of moderate intensity. Total and saturated fat intakes were high at the start of the study (girls: 31.8 ± 3.5% and 12.2 ± 2.0% of energy intake; boys: 30.3 ± 4.6% and 12.0 ± 1.9% of energy intake) and it appeared to be difficult to achieve and maintain lower intakes. Consistent low fluid intakes around 40 ml · kg⁻¹ body weight were observed. General non-stringent advice for improvement of the diet resulted in significant favourable changes only for the consumption of wholegrain bread, vegetables, and soft drinks. Dietary habits of adolescent sprint athletes are not always according to guidelines and are relatively stable but repeated advice can induce moderate improvements.
对 60 名青少年短跑运动员的宏量营养素摄入、身高、体重和身体成分进行了每 6 个月 3 年的估计。根据比利时和荷兰的食品数据库对 7 天的食物记录进行了分析。3 年研究开始时，女运动员的年龄为 14.8 ± 1.6 岁，男运动员的年龄为 14.7 ± 1.9 岁。女孩和男孩的身高（分别为 3.4 ± 4.6 厘米和 5.9 ± 6.6 厘米）和体重（分别为 5.6 ± 3.5 公斤和 8.7 ± 5.5 公斤）增加，而女孩和男孩的体脂百分比保持不变（分别约为 17.0%和 8.5%）。在每个阶段，男女的蛋白质摄入量都在 1.5 克/公斤体重左右，符合推荐量。碳水化合物摄入量在 5 到 7 克/公斤体重之间，支持中等强度的训练计划。在研究开始时，总脂肪和饱和脂肪的摄入量很高（女孩：占能量摄入的 31.8 ± 3.5%和 12.2 ± 2.0%；男孩：占能量摄入的 30.3 ± 4.6%和 12.0 ± 1.9%），而且似乎很难降低摄入量。一直观察到液体摄入量约为 40 毫升/公斤体重的持续低水平。对改善饮食的一般非严格建议只导致全麦面包、蔬菜和软饮料的摄入量有显著的有利变化。青少年短跑运动员的饮食习惯并不总是符合指南，而且相对稳定，但反复的建议可以促使适度的改善。
