School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
Sports Med. 2021 Sep;51(Suppl 1):3-12. doi: 10.1007/s40279-021-01534-6. Epub 2021 Sep 13.
Adolescence (ages 13-18 years) is a period of significant growth and physical development that includes changes in body composition, metabolic and hormonal fluctuations, maturation of organ systems, and establishment of nutrient deposits, which all may affect future health. In terms of nutrition, adolescence is also an important time in establishing an individual's lifelong relationship with food, which is particularly important in terms of the connection between diet, exercise, and body image. The challenges of time management (e.g., school, training, work and social commitments) and periods of fluctuating emotions are also features of this period. In addition, an adolescent's peers become increasingly powerful moderators of all behaviours, including eating. Adolescence is also a period of natural experimentation and this can extend to food choice. Adolescent experiences are not the same and individuals vary considerably in their behaviours. To ensure an adolescent athlete fulfils his/her potential, it is important that stakeholders involved in managing youth athletes emphasize eating patterns that align with and support sound physical, physiological and psychosocial development and are consistent with proven principles of sport nutrition.
青春期（13-18 岁）是一个身体生长和发育的重要时期，包括身体成分、代谢和激素波动、器官系统成熟以及营养物质储存的建立，所有这些都可能影响未来的健康。在营养方面，青春期也是一个人建立与食物终身关系的重要时期，这在饮食、运动和身体形象之间的联系方面尤为重要。时间管理的挑战（例如学校、训练、工作和社会承诺）和情绪波动时期也是这个时期的特征。此外，青少年的同龄人成为所有行为（包括饮食）的越来越强大的调节者。青春期也是自然实验的时期，这可以扩展到食物选择。青少年的经历并不相同，个体在行为上差异很大。为了确保青少年运动员发挥其潜力，参与管理青年运动员的利益相关者强调与良好的身体、生理和心理社会发展相一致并支持经过验证的运动营养原则的饮食模式非常重要。
