Department of Biomaterials Dentistry 309, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Pharm Res. 2011 Jun;28(6):1259-72. doi: 10.1007/s11095-010-0320-6. Epub 2010 Nov 19.
A biomaterial scaffold is one of the key factors for successful tissue engineering. In recent years, an increasing tendency has been observed toward the combination of scaffolds and biomolecules, e.g. growth factors and therapeutic genes, to achieve bioactive scaffolds, which not only provide physical support but also express biological signals to modulate tissue regeneration. Huge efforts have been made on the exploration of strategies to prepare bioactive scaffolds. Within the past five years, electrospun scaffolds have gained an exponentially increasing popularity in this area because of their ultrathin fiber diameter and large surface-volume ratio, which is favored for biomolecule delivery. This paper reviews current techniques that can be used to prepare bioactive electrospun scaffolds, including physical adsorption, blend electrospinning, coaxial electrospinning, and covalent immobilization. In addition, this paper also analyzes the existing challenges (i.e., protein instability, low gene transfection efficiency, and difficulties in accurate kinetics prediction) to achieve biomolecule release from electrospun scaffolds, which necessitate further research to fully exploit the biomedical applications of these bioactive scaffolds.
生物材料支架是组织工程成功的关键因素之一。近年来，人们越来越倾向于将支架与生物分子（例如生长因子和治疗基因）结合，以获得具有生物活性的支架，这些支架不仅提供物理支撑，还表达生物信号来调节组织再生。人们已经在探索制备生物活性支架的策略方面做出了巨大努力。在过去的五年中，由于其超细微纤维直径和大的表面积-体积比，静电纺丝支架在该领域越来越受欢迎，这有利于生物分子的传递。本文综述了目前可用于制备生物活性静电纺丝支架的技术，包括物理吸附、共混静电纺丝、同轴静电纺丝和共价固定化。此外，本文还分析了实现生物分子从静电纺丝支架中释放所面临的现有挑战（即蛋白质不稳定性、低基因转染效率和准确动力学预测的困难），这需要进一步的研究来充分发挥这些生物活性支架的生物医学应用。
