Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Microbiology and Immunology Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Cell Microbiol. 2011 Feb;13(2):177-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01550.x. Epub 2010 Dec 5.
In recent years, the study of lipid signalling networks has significantly increased. Although best studied in mammalian cells, lipid signalling is now appreciated also in microbial cells, particularly in yeasts and moulds. For instance, microbial sphingolipids and their metabolizing enzymes play a key role in the regulation of fungal pathogenicity, especially in Cryptococcus neoformans, through the modulation of different microbial pathways and virulence factors. Another example is the quorum sensing molecule (QSM) farnesol. In fact, this QSM is involved not only in mycelial growth and biofilm formation of Candida albicans, but also in many stress related responses. In moulds, such as Aspergillus fumigatus, QSM and sphingolipids are important for maintaining cell wall integrity and virulence. Finally, fungal cells make oxylipins to increase their virulence attributes and to counteract the host immune defences. In this review, we discuss these aspects in details.
近年来，脂信号网络的研究显著增加。尽管在哺乳动物细胞中研究得最好，但脂信号现在也被认为存在于微生物细胞中，特别是在酵母和霉菌中。例如，微生物鞘脂及其代谢酶在调节真菌致病性方面发挥着关键作用，特别是在新型隐球菌中，通过调节不同的微生物途径和毒力因子。另一个例子是群体感应分子（QSM）法呢醇。事实上，这种 QSM 不仅参与了白色念珠菌的菌丝生长和生物膜形成，还参与了许多与应激相关的反应。在曲霉，如烟曲霉，QSM 和鞘脂对于维持细胞壁完整性和毒力是重要的。最后，真菌细胞产生氧化脂来增加它们的毒力特性，并对抗宿主的免疫防御。在这篇综述中，我们详细讨论了这些方面。
