Sex influences on brain and emotional memory: the burden of proof has shifted.

Sex influences are ubiquitous on brain function, including the human brain. This chapter addresses the issue of sex influences on human brain function first as it pertains to studies of emotional memory, then as it pertains to the field of neuroscience more generally. The striking quantity and diversity of sex-related influences on nervous system function argue that the burden of proof regarding the issue has shifted from those examining the issue in their investigations generally having to justify why, to those not doing so having to justify why not.