Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle, U557 INSERM/U1125 Inra/Cnam/Université Paris 13, CRNH IdF, Bobigny, France.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Jan;93(1):200-10. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29761. Epub 2010 Nov 24.
Few studies have investigated the long-term effect of overall nutritional recommendations on cognition.
In a French cohort of middle-aged adults, we evaluated the association between the French National Nutrition and Health Program (Program National Nutrition Santé) Guideline Score (PNNS-GS) assessed at baseline and cognitive performance evaluated 13 y later.
The PNNS-GS was estimated at baseline (1994-1996) (maximum score: 15 points) in 2135 subjects in the SU.VI.MAX (Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals) study. We assessed cognitive performance of subjects in 2007-2009 via a battery of 4 neuropsychologic tests that included phonemic and semantic fluency, the RI-48 (rappel indicé-48 item) cued-recall test, the trail-making test, and forward and backward digit spans. A principal components analysis was performed to account for correlations in test scores. Multivariate linear regression models or analyses of covariance were also performed.
In a multivariate model, we observed a positive association between the PNNS-GS and the cued-recall test and semantic and phonemic fluency tasks, whereas no association was observed with digit spans. The principal components analysis revealed 2 factors interpreted as reflecting verbal memory and executive functioning. Better adherence to nutritional recommendations was significantly associated with the verbal memory factor (β = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.64), whereas no association was shown with the executive functioning factor. Removing specific components from the PNNS-GS did not modify the findings.
This study suggests that strong compliance with nutritional recommendations in midlife is associated in elderly individuals with better verbal memory, which is a cognitive domain that is particularly vulnerable to pathologic aging and Alzheimer disease. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00272428.
很少有研究调查整体营养建议对认知的长期影响。
在法国的一项中年人群队列研究中，我们评估了基线时法国国家营养与健康计划（Program National Nutrition Santé）指导评分（PNNS-GS）与 13 年后评估的认知表现之间的关系。
在 SU.VI.MAX（抗氧化维生素和矿物质补充）研究中，在 2135 名受试者中于基线（1994-1996 年）（最高得分为 15 分）评估 PNNS-GS。我们通过 4 项神经心理学测试的测试来评估受试者的认知表现，其中包括语音和语义流畅性、RI-48（指示回忆-48 项）线索回忆测试、连线测试以及顺背和倒背数字跨度测试。进行了主成分分析以解释测试分数的相关性。还进行了多元线性回归模型或协方差分析。
在多元模型中，我们观察到 PNNS-GS 与线索回忆测试以及语义和语音流畅性任务呈正相关，而与数字跨度无相关性。主成分分析显示出 2 个因子，可解释为反映了语言记忆和执行功能。更好地遵循营养建议与语言记忆因子显著相关（β=0.41；95%CI：0.17，0.64），而与执行功能因子无相关性。从 PNNS-GS 中去除特定成分并未改变这些发现。
这项研究表明，中年时强烈遵守营养建议与老年人的语言记忆更好相关，而语言记忆是特别容易受到病理性衰老和阿尔茨海默病影响的认知领域。这项试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT00272428。
