National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2011 Jan;15(1):37-46. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2010.11.001. Epub 2010 Nov 24.
The ability to resist the urge to eat requires the proper functioning of neuronal circuits involved in top-down control to oppose the conditioned responses that predict reward from eating the food and the desire to eat the food. Imaging studies show that obese subjects might have impairments in dopaminergic pathways that regulate neuronal systems associated with reward sensitivity, conditioning and control. It is known that the neuropeptides that regulate energy balance (homeostatic processes) through the hypothalamus also modulate the activity of dopamine cells and their projections into regions involved in the rewarding processes underlying food intake. It is postulated that this could also be a mechanism by which overeating and the resultant resistance to homoeostatic signals impairs the function of circuits involved in reward sensitivity, conditioning and cognitive control.
抵抗进食欲望的能力需要涉及到自上而下控制的神经元回路的正常运作，以对抗预测从进食中获得奖励和进食食物的条件反应。成像研究表明，肥胖者可能存在调节与奖励敏感性、条件反射和控制相关的神经元系统的多巴胺能途径的损伤。已知通过下丘脑调节能量平衡（稳态过程）的神经肽也调节多巴胺细胞的活性及其投射到参与进食的奖励过程的区域。据推测，这也可能是暴饮暴食和由此产生的对体内平衡信号的抵抗力损害与奖励敏感性、条件反射和认知控制相关的回路功能的机制。
