Ramu Bhavadharini, Mohan Pazhanivel, Rajasekaran Muthu Subramanian, Jayanthi Venkataraman
Department of Gastroenterology, Stanley Medical College, Old Jail Road, Royapuram, Chennai 600 001, India.
Indian J Gastroenterol. 2011 May;30(3):144-7. doi: 10.1007/s12664-010-0067-3. Epub 2010 Dec 2.
Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) increases during pregnancy, due to several factors like decreased lower esophageal sphincter pressure, increased intra-abdominal pressure secondary to the enlarged gravid uterus and alteration in gastrointestinal transit. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of GER in pregnancy in a southern State of the Indian subcontinent and determine the risk factors associated with it.
Consecutive pregnant females (n = 400) at various stages of pregnancy attending the antenatal clinic or admitted in the antenatal wards were enrolled. Patients with heartburn or regurgitation or both (n = 182) for at least a week were defined as cases, and controls were those without these symptoms (n = 218). Data on demographic variables and symptoms were analyzed using Pearson chi-square, Yates corrected chi-square and Fischer exact test and student independent t-test as appropriate; p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Demographic characteristics between cases and controls were similar. The mean age of cases (23.68±3.37 years) was similar to that of controls (23.25±3.31 years). The overall prevalence of GER was 45.5% (182/400), 77 (19.3%) had heartburn (GER-HB), 54 (13.5%) had regurgitation (GER-R) and 51 (12.8%) had both (GER-HB + R). Age and gravida did not influence the frequency of symptoms. Symptoms were more frequent in the second (43.1%) and third trimester (54.1%) as compared to the first trimester (9.5%) in pregnant women with GER (p < 0.001). Atypical symptoms were uncommon. GER was common among non-vegetarians (p = 0.02) and frequent aerated beverage users (p = 0.001).
GER prevalence was high in pregnancy, often in second and third trimester. Non-vegetarianism and aerated beverages increased the risk of reflux in pregnancy.
由于多种因素，如食管下括约肌压力降低、妊娠子宫增大导致腹内压升高以及胃肠转运改变，胃食管反流（GER）在孕期的患病率会增加。本研究旨在确定印度次大陆南部某邦孕期GER的患病率，并确定与之相关的危险因素。
纳入在产前门诊就诊或入住产前病房的处于不同孕期阶段的连续妊娠女性（n = 400）。将有烧心或反流或两者皆有（n = 182）至少一周的患者定义为病例组，对照组为无这些症状的患者（n = 218）。根据情况使用Pearson卡方检验、Yates校正卡方检验、Fisher精确检验和学生独立t检验对人口统计学变量和症状数据进行分析；p < 0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
病例组和对照组的人口统计学特征相似。病例组的平均年龄（23.68±3.37岁）与对照组（23.25±3.31岁）相似。GER的总体患病率为45.5%（182/400），77例（19.3%）有烧心（GER-HB），54例（13.5%）有反流（GER-R），51例（12.8%）两者皆有（GER-HB + R）。年龄和妊娠次数不影响症状的发生频率。与GER孕妇的孕早期（9.5%）相比，孕中期（43.1%）和孕晚期（54.1%）症状更频繁（p < 0.001）。非典型症状不常见。GER在非素食者中常见（p = 0.）和经常饮用充气饮料者中常见（p = 0.001）。
孕期GER患病率较高，常在孕中期和孕晚期。非素食和充气饮料会增加孕期反流的风险。
