Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Jul;43(7):1260-71. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182084929.
Knowledge regarding the biomechanical function of the lower limb muscle groups across a range of running speeds is important in improving the existing understanding of human high performance as well as in aiding in the identification of factors that might be related to injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of running speed on lower limb joint kinetics.
Kinematic and ground reaction force data were collected from eight participants (five males and three females) during steady-state running on an indoor synthetic track at four discrete speeds: 3.50±0.04, 5.02±0.10, 6.97±0.09, and 8.95±0.70 m·s. A standard inverse-dynamics approach was used to compute three-dimensional torques at the hip, knee, and ankle joints, from which net powers and work were also calculated. A total of 33 torque, power, and work variables were extracted from the data set, and their magnitudes were statistically analyzed for significant speed effects.
The torques developed about the lower limb joints during running displayed identifiable profiles in all three anatomical planes. The sagittal-plane torques, net powers, and work done at the hip and knee during terminal swing demonstrated the largest increases in absolute magnitude with faster running. In contrast, the work done at the knee joint during stance was unaffected by increasing running speed, whereas the work done at the ankle joint during stance increased when running speed changed from 3.50 to 5.02 m·s, but it appeared to plateau thereafter.
Of all the major lower limb muscle groups, the hip extensor and knee flexor muscles during terminal swing demonstrated the most dramatic increase in biomechanical load when running speed progressed toward maximal sprinting.
了解下肢肌肉群在不同跑步速度下的生物力学功能，对于提高对人类高性能的现有理解以及辅助识别可能与损伤相关的因素非常重要。本研究旨在评估跑步速度对下肢关节动力学的影响。
在室内合成跑道上以四个离散速度（3.50±0.04、5.02±0.10、6.97±0.09 和 8.95±0.70 m·s）进行稳态跑步时，从八名参与者（五名男性和三名女性）收集运动学和地面反作用力数据。采用标准逆动力学方法计算髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的三维扭矩，从中还计算出净功率和功。从数据集共提取了 33 个扭矩、功率和功变量，并对其大小进行了统计分析，以确定其是否存在显著的速度效应。
在所有三个解剖平面上，下肢关节在跑步过程中产生的扭矩都呈现出可识别的形态。在矢状面，在终末摆动期间髋关节和膝关节的扭矩、净功率和所做的功显示出最大的绝对幅度增加，与更快的跑步速度相对应。相比之下，在站立阶段，膝关节所做的功不受跑步速度增加的影响，而在站立阶段，踝关节所做的功在跑步速度从 3.50 增加到 5.02 m·s 时增加，但此后似乎趋于平稳。
在所有主要的下肢肌肉群中，在终末摆动期间，髋关节伸肌和膝关节屈肌的生物力学负荷增加最为显著，当跑步速度接近最大冲刺速度时。
