Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 1005 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201, USA.
J Safety Res. 2010 Dec;41(6):481-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2010.10.001. Epub 2010 Oct 30.
To determine whether Iowa's license restriction program identifies older drivers who appear to be at greater crash risk and to assess compliance with license restrictions.
A total of 522 drivers 70 and older who were attempting to renew their driver's licenses at licensing offices in Iowa participated in two telephone surveys: one shortly after renewal to discuss driving before renewal and another 6months later to assess any changes. Surveys assessed driving behavior, crashes, and violations as well as self-reported visual impairments, prescription medications, and physical mobility limitations.
Of the 522 drivers, 232 renewed their licenses without having to take a road test (Group 1), and 290 were required to take a road test; of the drivers taking a road test, 191 renewed without restrictions (Group 2), 93 received restrictions (Group 3), and 6 had their licenses suspended (Group 4). The small number of drivers with suspensions precluded including this group in analyses. There were clear distinctions among drivers in the first three groups at the initial survey. Driver age increased across Groups 1-3, as did some visual impairments, number of prescription medications, and physical mobility limitations. Many drivers who received restrictions (Group 3) already were driving fewer miles than drivers in Groups 1-2, and were driving less often at night and on high-speed roads. Following license renewal, reported average weekly mileage decreased more among drivers with license restrictions (Group 3) (36%) than among drivers without restrictions (Groups 1-2) (4% each). For all license restriction types (headlight, geographic area, or speed), decreases in the likelihood of driving during these restricted conditions were greater for drivers with the relevant restrictions than without. Most drivers complied with restrictions.
Iowa's license restriction program identifies drivers with more self-reported visual impairments, prescription medications, and physical mobility limitations. Driving exposure was reduced among drivers who received restrictions, though it appears in some cases the restrictions reinforced decisions already made by drivers.
License restrictions may be an effective alternative to premature driving cessation and provide some drivers additional time on the road and hence continued mobility and independence. However, overall safety benefits of license restrictions are yet unknown.
确定爱荷华州的驾照限制计划是否能识别出那些看起来更易发生事故的老年驾驶员，并评估其对驾照限制的遵守情况。
共有 522 名 70 岁及以上的驾驶员在爱荷华州的驾照办公室更新驾照时参加了两项电话调查：一项是在更新驾照后不久进行的，旨在讨论更新驾照前的驾驶情况；另一项是在 6 个月后进行的，以评估任何变化。调查评估了驾驶行为、事故和违规行为，以及自我报告的视力障碍、处方药物和身体活动能力限制。
在 522 名驾驶员中，有 232 名无需参加路考就更新了驾照（第 1 组），有 290 名需要参加路考；在参加路考的驾驶员中，有 191 名无限制地更新了驾照（第 2 组），93 名获得了限制（第 3 组），6 名的驾照被吊销（第 4 组）。由于吊销驾照的驾驶员人数较少，因此无法将该组纳入分析。在最初的调查中，第 1 至第 3 组的驾驶员之间存在明显差异。驾驶员年龄在第 1 至第 3 组中逐渐增加，一些视力障碍、处方药物数量和身体活动能力限制也随之增加。许多获得限制的驾驶员（第 3 组）已经比第 1 至第 2 组的驾驶员行驶的里程数更少，夜间和高速公路上的行驶频率也更低。驾照更新后，有驾照限制的驾驶员（第 3 组）报告的平均每周行驶里程减少了 36%，而无限制的驾驶员（第 1 至第 2 组）则减少了 4%。对于所有的驾照限制类型（车灯、地理区域或速度），在受限条件下驾驶的可能性降低的程度对于有相关限制的驾驶员比没有限制的驾驶员更大。大多数驾驶员遵守了限制。
爱荷华州的驾照限制计划识别出了那些有更多自我报告的视力障碍、处方药物和身体活动能力限制的驾驶员。获得限制的驾驶员的驾驶量减少了，尽管在某些情况下，这些限制强化了驾驶员已经做出的决定。
驾照限制可能是提前停止驾驶的有效替代方案，为一些驾驶员提供了更多在路上的时间，从而保持了他们的行动能力和独立性。然而，驾照限制对整体安全的好处尚不清楚。
