Williams A F, Preusser D F, Ulmer R G, Weinstein H B
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, VA 22201, USA.
J Public Health Policy. 1995;16(3):347-60.
Compared with older drivers, and even older teens, greater percentages of 16-year-old drivers in fatal crashes were involved in single-vehicle crashes, were responsible for their crashes, were cited for speeding, had high vehicle occupancy (especially other teenagers), and were female. Sixteen-year-olds were less likely than older drivers to have been drinking. In addition, their crashes occurred at different times than those of older drivers, crashes between 10:00 p.m. and 11:59 p.m. on Fridays and Saturdays being especially likely. Information about the characteristics of the crashes of 16-year-olds is important because this is the age at which most states currently allow teenagers to get an unrestricted driver's license. It is also the age at which restrictions on beginning licenses are being considered in some states. The results of this study suggest that restrictions on teenage passengers, and night-driving curfews with pre-midnight starting times--two provisions used in New Zealand's graduated licensing system--would be appropriate in attempts to reduce crashes of beginning 16-year-old drivers, who have the highest fatal crash rate of any single teen age.
与年长的驾驶者甚至年龄较大的青少年相比，在致命车祸中，16岁驾驶者涉及单车事故的比例更高，对自己的车祸负有责任，因超速被传唤，车内乘客较多（尤其是其他青少年），且女性比例较高。16岁的驾驶者饮酒的可能性比年长的驾驶者小。此外，他们的车祸发生时间与年长驾驶者不同，周五和周六晚上10点至11点59分之间发生车祸的可能性尤其大。了解16岁驾驶者车祸的特征很重要，因为目前大多数州允许青少年在这个年龄获得不受限制的驾照。在一些州，也正在考虑对初次领证进行限制。这项研究的结果表明，限制青少年乘客以及设置午夜前开始的夜间驾驶宵禁——新西兰分级驾照制度中使用的两项规定——对于减少刚开始开车的16岁驾驶者的车祸可能是合适的，16岁是所有青少年年龄段中致命车祸发生率最高的。
