Hahn L P, Folsom A R, Sprafka J M, Norsted S W
University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Minneapolis.
Public Health Rep. 1990 May-Jun;105(3):290-5.
Smoking behaviors among blacks and whites were studied in a population-based sample of 2,626 residents of Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN. More blacks than whites were found to be smokers, before and after adjusting for age and education differences. More whites than blacks were former smokers, but the prevalence of those who had never smoked was comparable for whites and blacks. Among smokers, the mean number of cigarettes smoked per day was lower among blacks than whites, but more blacks were found to smoke cigarettes with high "tar" (dry particulate matter) and nicotine content. Men smokers were found to smoke more than women smokers, young people smoked more than older people, and those with a high school education or less smoked more than those with more than a high school education. Smoking cessation behavior consisted mostly of a variety of strategies that began with reducing cigarette consumption, followed by changing to lower tar brands, attempting to quit, and actually quitting. In general, a higher percentage of whites than blacks reported smoking cessation behaviors. A greater percentage of white than black women had tried cigarette brands lower in tar and nicotine within the previous year. Among men, a lower percentage of black than white smokers had tried quitting, and fewer black men planned to quit in the future. Blacks appeared to lag behind whites in their efforts to quit smoking. Smoking behavior continues to be problematic for both blacks and whites. Studies are needed to explain better the racial differences in smoking and smoking cessation behaviors, and to facilitate programs to encourage cessation.
在明尼阿波利斯 - 圣保罗市（明尼苏达州）的2626名居民的基于人群的样本中，对黑人和白人的吸烟行为进行了研究。在调整年龄和教育差异之前和之后，发现吸烟者中黑人比白人更多。白人中曾经吸烟的人比黑人多，但从未吸烟的人的患病率在白人和黑人中相当。在吸烟者中，黑人每天吸烟的平均数量比白人少，但发现更多黑人吸“焦油”（干颗粒物）和尼古丁含量高的香烟。男性吸烟者比女性吸烟者吸烟更多，年轻人比老年人吸烟更多，高中及以下学历的人比高中以上学历的人吸烟更多。戒烟行为主要包括各种策略，首先是减少香烟消费，其次是改用焦油含量较低的品牌，尝试戒烟，最后实际戒烟。总体而言，报告有戒烟行为的白人比例高于黑人。在过去一年中，尝试焦油和尼古丁含量较低香烟品牌的白人女性比例高于黑人女性。在男性中，尝试戒烟的黑人吸烟者比例低于白人吸烟者，并且计划未来戒烟的黑人男性更少。在戒烟努力方面，黑人似乎落后于白人。吸烟行为对白人和黑人来说仍然是个问题。需要进行研究以更好地解释吸烟和戒烟行为中的种族差异，并促进鼓励戒烟的项目。
