Wagenknecht L E, Perkins L L, Cutter G R, Sidney S, Burke G L, Manolio T A, Jacobs D R, Liu K A, Friedman G D, Hughes G H
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294.
Prev Med. 1990 Mar;19(2):158-69. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(90)90017-e.
The prevalence and correlates of cigarette smoking were examined in 5,116 men and women ages 18-30 years including both blacks and whites of varied educational levels. Prevalence of smoking was approximately 30% in each race by gender subgroup after adjusting for age and education. The prevalence decreased with increasing education, from 54% among participants with less than a high school education to 12% among those with graduate degrees (P less than 0.001). Cessation rates followed a similar pattern, with former smokers twice as common among those with more education. Differences in smoking prevalence across occupational groups were largely explained by differences in educational achievement. More educated individuals smoked fewer cigarettes per day and chose brands with lower nicotine yield. Race and gender were not strongly related to smoking prevalence. However, among smokers, whites reported smoking 50% more cigarettes per day than blacks but the average nicotine and tar content of the cigarette was nearly three times higher among blacks than whites. The strong inverse relationship between education and cigarette smoking patterns has important implications for public health efforts directed at the prevention of cigarette smoking.
对5116名年龄在18至30岁之间的男性和女性进行了吸烟流行率及其相关因素的调查，这些人包括不同教育水平的黑人和白人。在对年龄和教育程度进行调整后，按性别亚组划分，每个种族的吸烟流行率约为30%。吸烟流行率随着教育程度的提高而下降，从高中以下学历参与者中的54%降至研究生学历者中的12%（P<0.001）。戒烟率也呈现类似模式，受教育程度较高者中曾经吸烟者的比例是受教育程度较低者的两倍。职业群体间吸烟流行率的差异在很大程度上可由教育成就的差异来解释。受教育程度较高的人每天吸烟较少，且选择尼古丁含量较低的品牌。种族和性别与吸烟流行率的相关性不强。然而，在吸烟者中，白人报告每天吸烟量比黑人多50%，但黑人所吸香烟的平均尼古丁和焦油含量几乎是白人的三倍。教育与吸烟模式之间的强烈负相关关系对旨在预防吸烟的公共卫生工作具有重要意义。
