Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanossomatídeos, FIOCRUZ/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011 Jul;11(7):835-41. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0096. Epub 2010 Dec 13.
This is a long-term follow-up of infection by Trypanosoma cruzi (TC) and Trypanosoma evansi (TE) in the free-ranging coatis (Procyonidae: Nasua nasua) from Pantanal region (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). We evaluated TC and TE infection by immunofluorescence assay, hemoculture (HC), and microhematocrit centrifuge techniques (MHCT). We also examined coatis health by quantifying hematological parameters including packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC) count, and differential leukocyte count. TC isolates thought HC were typed by miniexon gene. Mixed infections by both parasites and the two main lineages of TC (76% TCI, 3% TCII, and 14% TCI/TCII) were observed. Trypanosoma rangeli was also isolated (7%). Overall, seroprevalence of TC and TE infection were 53.5% and 42.0%, respectively. Positive HC (indicating high TC parasitemia) occurred in 34% of seropositive coatis for TC, and positive MHCT (high TE parasitemia) were observed in 36.4% of seropositive coatis for TE. We detected higher prevalence of positive HC in females (72%) than males (43%), and also during the dry season, indicating a seasonal potential of this host species on TC transmission. These features did not occur for TE infection. However, prevalence of TE based on serology and MHCT was higher among adults than subadults. Coatis with positive HC or MHCT displayed a slight decrease in their WBC. In contrast to the animals with positive HC, coatis with positive MHCT displayed a decrease on their PCV. Moreover, concurrent high TC and TE parasitemia caused a larger decrease of PCV values. This study corroborates the importance of coatis in the maintenance of TC and TE transmission cycles in the southern Pantanal and shows a seasonal character of TC transmissibility to its vector by the coati population from the study area.
这是对潘塔纳尔地区（巴西马托格罗索州）自由放养的浣熊（浣熊科：浣熊属）中克氏锥虫（TC）和伊氏锥虫（TE）感染的长期随访。我们通过免疫荧光分析、血培养（HC）和微血球离心技术（MHCT）评估 TC 和 TE 感染。我们还通过量化包括红细胞压积（PCV）、白细胞（WBC）计数和白细胞分类计数在内的血液学参数来检查浣熊的健康状况。通过 HC 鉴定的 TC 分离株通过小外显子基因进行分型。观察到两种寄生虫和 TC 的两个主要谱系（76%TCI、3%TCII 和 14%TCI/TCII）的混合感染。还分离出了拉氏锥虫（7%）。总体而言，TC 和 TE 感染的血清阳性率分别为 53.5%和 42.0%。TC 血清阳性的 34%的浣熊 HC 呈阳性（表明 TC 寄生虫血症高），TE 血清阳性的 36.4%的浣熊 MHCT 呈阳性（TE 寄生虫血症高）。我们发现雌性（72%）的阳性 HC 检出率高于雄性（43%），并且在旱季也高于雄性，表明该宿主物种对 TC 传播具有季节性潜力。TE 感染没有出现这种情况。然而，基于血清学和 MHCT 的 TE 患病率在成年动物中高于亚成年动物。HC 或 MHCT 阳性的浣熊的 WBC 略有下降。与 HC 阳性的动物不同，MHCT 阳性的浣熊的 PCV 下降。此外，同时存在高 TC 和 TE 寄生虫血症会导致 PCV 值更大幅度下降。这项研究证实了浣熊在南部潘塔纳尔维持 TC 和 TE 传播周期的重要性，并显示出该地区浣熊种群对其传播媒介 TC 的季节性传播特征。
