巴西潘塔纳尔地区克氏锥虫和伊氏锥虫感染对南浣熊（Nasua nasua）、食蟹狐（Cerdocyon thous）和豹猫（Leopardus pardalis）健康的影响。
Outcomes of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma evansi infections on health of Southern coati (Nasua nasua), crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), and ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) in the Brazilian Pantanal.
机构信息
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2018 Aug 15;13(8):e0201357. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201357. eCollection 2018.
The occurrence of Trypanosoma spp. in wild carnivore populations has been intensively investigated during the last decades. However, the impact of these parasites on the health of free-living infected animals has been largely neglected. The Pantanal biome is the world's largest seasonal wetland, harboring a great diversity of species and habitats. This includes 174 species of mammals, of which 20 belong to the order Carnivora. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma cruzi infections and coinfections on the health of the most abundant carnivores in the Pantanal: coati (Nasua nasua), crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), and ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). We captured 39 coatis, 48 crab-eating foxes, and 19 ocelots. Diagnostic tests showed T. cruzi infection in 7 crab-eating foxes and 5 coatis. Additionally, 7 crab-eating foxes, 10 coatis, and 12 ocelots were positive for T. evansi. We observed coinfections in 9 crab-eating foxes, 8 coatis, and 2 ocelots. This is the first report of T. evansi and T. cruzi infection on the health of free-living ocelots and crab-eating foxes. We showed that single T. evansi or T. cruzi infection, as well as coinfection, caused some degree of anemia in all animals, as well as an indirect negative effect on body condition in coatis and crab-eating foxes via anemia indicators and immune investment, respectively. Furthermore, the vigorous immune investment observed in sampled coatis, crab-eating foxes and ocelots infected by T. evansi, T. cruzi and coinfected can be highly harmful to their health. Overall, our results indicate that single and combined infection with T. evansi and T. cruzi represent a severe risk to the health of wild carnivores in the Pantanal region.
在过去的几十年里，人们对野生动物种群中锥体虫属的发生情况进行了深入研究。然而，这些寄生虫对自由生活的受感染动物的健康的影响在很大程度上被忽视了。潘塔纳尔湿地是世界上最大的季节性湿地，拥有丰富的物种和栖息地。这包括 174 种哺乳动物，其中 20 种属于食肉目。本研究旨在调查伊氏锥虫和克氏锥虫感染及合并感染对潘塔纳尔地区最丰富的食肉动物（浣熊、食蟹狐和豹猫）健康的影响。我们捕获了 39 只浣熊、48 只食蟹狐和 19 只豹猫。诊断测试显示，7 只食蟹狐和 5 只浣熊感染了克氏锥虫。此外，7 只食蟹狐、10 只浣熊和 12 只豹猫对伊氏锥虫呈阳性。我们观察到 9 只食蟹狐、8 只浣熊和 2 只豹猫合并感染。这是首次报道伊氏锥虫和克氏锥虫感染对自由生活的豹猫和食蟹狐健康的影响。我们表明，单一的伊氏锥虫或克氏锥虫感染以及合并感染都会导致所有动物出现一定程度的贫血，并通过贫血指标和免疫投资分别对浣熊和食蟹狐的身体状况产生间接的负面影响。此外，在感染伊氏锥虫、克氏锥虫和合并感染的采样浣熊、食蟹狐和豹猫中观察到的强烈免疫投资可能对其健康造成高度危害。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，单一和联合感染伊氏锥虫和克氏锥虫对潘塔纳尔地区野生动物的健康构成严重威胁。
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