Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
Am J Reprod Immunol. 2011 Mar;65(3):212-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00944.x. Epub 2010 Dec 12.
For many years, the focus of attention in the study of semen has been on spermatozoa, its major cellular component, given their importance in the process of reproduction, and the role of the seminal fluid as their transport medium. More recently, evidence has accumulated of the complexity of seminal fluid, its components that perturb the female reproductive tract in ways promoting both survival of spermatozoa there-in and facilitating the implantation of embryos within the endometrium, hence initiating pregnancy. These same factors, however, may also make the female reproductive tract susceptible to invasion not only by spermatozoa but viruses, playing a significant role in the male-to-female transmission of HIV. Knowledge of the histology, anatomy, and immunology of the male reproductive tract is essential in understanding its role in HIV pathogenesis.
多年来，精液研究的焦点一直集中在精子上，这是其主要的细胞成分，因为它们在生殖过程中的重要性，以及精液作为其运输介质的作用。最近，越来越多的证据表明，精液的复杂性及其成分以促进精子在其中存活和促进胚胎在内膜中着床的方式扰乱了女性生殖道，从而启动了妊娠。然而，这些相同的因素也可能使女性生殖道容易受到不仅是精子，还有病毒的入侵，在 HIV 的男性到女性传播中发挥重要作用。了解男性生殖道的组织学、解剖学和免疫学对于理解其在 HIV 发病机制中的作用至关重要。
