Distinctive characteristics of methamphetamine users presenting at public clinics: steep rise in South Carolina, United States, 2000-2005.

BACKGROUND

Illicit methamphetamine use has risen dramatically over the last decade. We sought to examine methamphetamine use among individuals presenting for drug treatment in South Carolina, USA, to assess trends over time, correlates of methamphetamine use, and the relationship between methamphetamine use and functional/behavioral problems.

METHODS

Data from 2000 to 2005 were obtained from a state-wide network of substance abuse clinics. We examined time trends, and compared sociodemographic characteristics and problems with daily functioning (Axis IV and Axis V disorders) of methamphetamine users vs. other drug users.

RESULTS

Of 235,415 individuals presenting or being admitted to a clinic, 3526 reported illicit methamphetamine use. The prevalence of methamphetamine use as a presenting problem increased dramatically across the six-year period, especially in the rural Upstate region (0.4-6.1%). In comparison to other drug users presenting or admitted to treatment during this same time period, methamphetamine users were more likely to be female, between 20 and 40 years old, and non-Hispanic white ethnicity. In addition, more methamphetamine users had occupational (49% vs. 43%, p<0.001) or economic problems (41% vs. 35%, p<0.001), and problems with their primary support group (58% vs. 54%, p<0.05). However, the prevalence of Axis IV and Axis V problems were not statistically different between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The rapid escalation of methamphetamine use in South Carolina and elsewhere highlights the need for longitudinal studies to better understand the etiology and characteristics associated with methamphetamine uptake and addiction, and to develop the knowledge base required for more effective prevention and treatment.