Wound Healing Center, Hebrew Senior Life Department of Medicine, 1200 Centre St, Boston, MA 02131, USA.
Clin Dermatol. 2011 Jan-Feb;29(1):37-42. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.07.005.
Dry skin, or xerosis, is a common skin condition in older adults, but it is not a normal part of aging. The geriatric patient may have several incurable, but treatable, chronic diseases that affect their skin. Xerosis in older adults is multifactorial: intrinsic changes in keratinization and lipid content, use of diuretics and similar medications, and overuse of heaters or air conditioners all contribute. Xerosis causes pruritus, which then leads to excoriations and risk of skin infections. Patients can minimize the effect of xerosis by increasing the ambient humidity, modifying their bathing technique and products, and using emollients to replace the lipid components of the skin. Care should be made to avoid skin sensitizers, such as lanolin, aloe vera, and parabens, that are commonly found in emollients. These may lead to a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. This contribution reviews the intrinsic and extrinsic aging processes of skin aging and advises practical changes in environment and emollient application that can be distributed to patients.
皮肤干燥，又称干性皮肤，是老年人常见的皮肤状况，但这并不是衰老的正常现象。老年患者可能患有多种无法治愈但可治疗的慢性疾病，这些疾病会影响他们的皮肤。老年人的皮肤干燥有多种因素：角质形成和脂质含量的内在变化、利尿剂和类似药物的使用以及暖气或空调的过度使用等都会导致皮肤干燥。皮肤干燥会引起瘙痒，进而导致搔抓和皮肤感染的风险。患者可以通过增加环境湿度、改变沐浴方式和产品、使用保湿剂来替代皮肤的脂质成分来最大程度地减少皮肤干燥的影响。应注意避免使用羊毛脂、芦荟和对羟基苯甲酸酯等常见于保湿剂中的皮肤致敏剂，因为这些物质可能会导致迟发性过敏反应。本专题综述了皮肤老化的内在和外在老化过程，并就环境和保湿剂应用方面的实际变化提供了建议，可以分发给患者。
