University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Oncologist. 2010;15(12):1285-93. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0156. Epub 2010 Dec 8.
Over the last decade, investigators have developed a clearer understanding of the genetic alterations underlying thyroid carcinogenesis. A number of biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of differentiated thyroid cancer have undergone intensive study, not only for their role in tumorigenesis, but also for their potential utility as diagnostic and prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the current literature surrounding BRAF and its significance in thyroid cancer. Further, we discuss how molecular analysis can be integrated into management algorithms for thyroid nodules and papillary thyroid cancer. We also review what is known, to date, about the association of BRAF and papillary microcarcinoma as well as using targeted therapies for BRAF as adjuvant treatment for metastatic papillary thyroid cancer.
在过去的十年中，研究人员对甲状腺癌发生的遗传改变有了更清晰的认识。许多参与分化型甲状腺癌发病机制的生物标志物已经进行了深入研究，不仅因为它们在肿瘤发生中的作用，还因为它们作为诊断和预后指标以及治疗靶点的潜在用途。这篇综述总结了目前围绕 BRAF 及其在甲状腺癌中的意义的文献。此外，我们还讨论了如何将分子分析整合到甲状腺结节和甲状腺乳头状癌的管理算法中。我们还回顾了迄今为止关于 BRAF 与甲状腺微小癌的关联以及使用针对 BRAF 的靶向治疗作为转移性甲状腺乳头状癌辅助治疗的知识。
