Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Int J Womens Health. 2010 Aug 4;2:241-8. doi: 10.2147/ijwh.s6794.
Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is a common medical condition in pregnancy with significant physical and psychological morbidity. Up to 90% of women will suffer from NVP symptoms in the first trimester of pregnancy with up to 2% developing hyperemesis gravidarum which is NVP at its worst, leading to hospitalization and even death in extreme cases. Optimal management of NVP begins with nonpharmacological approaches, use of ginger, acupressure, vitamin B6, and dietary adjustments. The positive impact of these noninvasive, inexpensive and safe methods has been demonstrated. Pharmacological treatments are available with varying effectiveness; however, the only drug marketed specifically for the treatment of NVP in pregnancy is Diclectin(®) (vitamin B6 and doxylamine). In addition, the Motherisk algorithm provides a guideline for use of safe and effective drugs for the treatment of NVP. Optimal medical management of symptoms will ensure the mental and physical wellbeing of expecting mothers and their developing babies during this often stressful and difficult time period. Dismissing NVP as an inconsequential part of pregnancy can have serious ramifications for both mother and baby.
妊娠恶心呕吐（NVP）是妊娠中一种常见的医学病症，具有显著的身体和心理发病率。多达 90%的孕妇在妊娠的前三个月会出现 NVP 症状，多达 2%的孕妇会发展为妊娠剧吐，即 NVP 的最严重阶段，导致住院治疗，甚至在极端情况下导致死亡。NVP 的最佳管理始于非药物方法，如使用生姜、穴位按压、维生素 B6 和饮食调整。这些非侵入性、廉价且安全的方法的积极影响已经得到证实。药物治疗也有不同的效果；然而，专门针对妊娠中 NVP 治疗的唯一上市药物是 Diclectin（®）（维生素 B6 和多西拉敏）。此外，Motherisk 算法为治疗 NVP 提供了安全有效药物的使用指南。症状的最佳医学管理将确保孕妇及其发育中的婴儿在这个经常充满压力和困难的时期的身心健康。将 NVP 视为妊娠中无关紧要的一部分可能会对母婴双方都产生严重后果。
