[2006 - 2008年中国伤害监测系统中老年人伤害情况分析]
[Analysis on injuries among the elderly from Chinese Injury Surveillance System, 2006 - 2008].
作者信息
Deng Xiao, Wu Chun-Mei, Jiang Wei, Li Si-Jie, Duan Lei-Lei
机构信息
National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
出版信息
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2010 Aug;31(8):890-3.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the distribution of injuries among the elderly through hospital based National Injury Surveillance System (NISS), and to provide basic information for prevention of injury among the elderly.
METHODS
Data on injuries among the elderly aged 60 years and above was descriptively analyzed from the Chinese NISS from 2006 to 2008. Using the data of NISS from 2006 to 2008, information was collected on those cases who were diagnosed as injuries for the first-time in the site hospitals. Information included demographic characteristics, features of the injury events, and clinical characteristics of injuries. SPSS 16.0 software was used for data analysis.
RESULTS
The leading causes of injuries among the elderly were: falls, road traffic injuries, and blunt injuries, which were in total accounting for more than 70% of all the injuries among the elderly. Most of the injuries occurred at home (46.25%, 44.44%, 46.23%), on the roads (30.95%, 28.51%, 28.61%) and in the public residences (8.89%, 11.57%, 11.25%). Recreation activates (42.14%, 48.09%, 48.59%), housework/study (21.15%, 18.21%, 18.15%) and driving (13.67%, 13.80%, 13.56%) were the three major activities when injuries took place. Most injuries among the elderly were unintentional (91.34%, 92.84%, 93.09%). The leading causes of suicide of the elderly were poisoning and sharp injury. The most common natures of injuries were bruise (36.07%, 38.18%, 38.50%), fractures (25.65%, 22.47%, 23.77%), and sharp/bite/open injuries (17.19%, 18.21%, 17.46%) while the most injured part of bodies were head (26.32%, 25.59%, 25.90%), lower limbs (25.74%, 25.70%, 25.26%) and upper limbs (21.01%, 21.14%, 21.37%). Most of the injuries were minor ones (60.53%, 65.09%, 63.58%), and patients mostly went home after treatment (64.11%, 68.53%, 67.99%).
CONCLUSION
According to NISS, the proportion of injuries among the elderly in all injuries kept increasing from 2006 to 2008, while distribution of injuries among the elderly being stable. Falls was the most common injury type for the elderly which also brought along bad outcome. Falls was the priority for injury prevention among the elderly.
目的
通过基于医院的全国伤害监测系统（NISS）描述老年人伤害的分布情况，为老年人伤害预防提供基础信息。
方法
对2006年至2008年中国NISS中60岁及以上老年人的伤害数据进行描述性分析。利用2006年至2008年NISS的数据，收集在现场医院首次被诊断为伤害的病例信息。信息包括人口学特征、伤害事件特征和伤害的临床特征。采用SPSS 16.0软件进行数据分析。
结果
老年人伤害的主要原因是：跌倒、道路交通伤害和钝器伤，这三类伤害总计占老年人所有伤害的70%以上。大多数伤害发生在家中（46.25%、44.44%、46.23%）、道路上（30.95%、28.51%、28.61%）和公共住宅中（8.89%、11.57%、11.25%）。受伤时的三大主要活动是娱乐活动（42.14%、48.09%、48.59%）、家务/学习（21.15%、18.21%、18.15%）和驾驶（13.67%、13.80%、13.56%）。老年人的大多数伤害为非故意伤害（91.34%、92.84%、93.09%）。老年人自杀的主要原因是中毒和锐器伤。最常见的伤害性质是擦伤（36.07%、38.18%、38.50%）、骨折（25.65%、22.47%、23.77%）和锐器/咬伤/开放性损伤（17.19%、18.21%、17.46%），而身体最易受伤的部位是头部（26.32%、25.59%、25.90%）、下肢（25.74%、25.70%、25.26%）和上肢（21.01%、21.14%、21.37%）。大多数伤害为轻伤（60.53%、65.09%、63.58%），患者大多治疗后回家（64.11%、68.53%、67.99%）。
结论
根据NISS，2006年至2008年老年人伤害在所有伤害中的比例持续上升，而老年人伤害的分布保持稳定。跌倒是老年人最常见的伤害类型，且会带来不良后果。跌倒是老年人伤害预防的重点。
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