Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2500, USA.
Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2011;7:269-95. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104540.
Understanding the association between personality and depression has implications for elucidating etiology and comorbidity, identifying at-risk individuals, and tailoring treatment. We discuss seven major models that have been proposed to explain the relation between personality and depression, and we review key methodological issues, including study design, the heterogeneity of mood disorders, and the assessment of personality. We then selectively review the extensive empirical literature on the role of personality traits in depression in adults and children. Current evidence suggests that depression is linked to traits such as neuroticism/negative emotionality, extraversion/positive emotionality, and conscientiousness. Moreover, personality characteristics appear to contribute to the onset and course of depression through a variety of pathways. Implications for prevention and prediction of treatment response are discussed, as well as specific considerations to guide future research on the relation between personality and depression.
了解人格与抑郁之间的关系对于阐明病因和共病、识别高危人群以及定制治疗方案具有重要意义。我们讨论了七个主要的模型，这些模型被用来解释人格与抑郁之间的关系，我们还回顾了关键的方法学问题，包括研究设计、心境障碍的异质性以及人格评估。然后，我们选择性地回顾了关于人格特质在成人和儿童抑郁症中的作用的大量实证文献。目前的证据表明，抑郁与神经质/消极情绪、外向性/积极情绪和尽责性等特质有关。此外，人格特征似乎通过多种途径影响抑郁的发生和病程。本文还讨论了预防和预测治疗反应的意义，以及指导人格与抑郁关系的未来研究的具体考虑因素。
