Muñoz Ricardo F
Department of Psychiatry at San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
J Med Internet Res. 2010 Dec 17;12(5):e60. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1463.
Health disparities are a persistent problem worldwide. A major obstacle to reducing health disparities is reliance on "consumable interventions," that is, interventions that, once used, cannot be used again. To reduce health disparities, interventions are required that can be used again and again without losing their therapeutic power, that can reach people even if local health care systems do not provide them with needed health care, and that can be shared globally without taking resources away from the populations where the interventions were developed. This paper presents the argument that automated self-help evidence-based Internet interventions meet the above criteria and can contribute to the reduction of health disparities worldwide. Proof-of-concept studies show that evidence-based Internet interventions can reach hundreds of thousands of people worldwide and could be used in public sector settings to augment existing offerings and provide services not currently available (such as prevention interventions). This paper presents a framework for systematically filling in a matrix composed of columns representing common health problems and rows representing languages. To bring the benefits of evidence-based Internet interventions to the underserved, public sector clinics should establish eHealth resource centers, through which patients could be screened online for common disorders and provided with evidence-based Internet intervention services not currently available at the clinics. These resources should be available in the patients' languages, in formats that do not require literacy, and that can be accessed with mobile devices. Such evidence-based Internet interventions should then be shared with public sector clinics as well as individuals anywhere in the world. Finally, this paper addresses sustainability and describes a continuum of evidence-based Internet interventions to share nationally and across the world. This approach to expanding health service delivery will significantly contribute to a reduction of health disparities worldwide, adding to the often-quoted slogan, "Think globally, act locally," a third line: "Share globally."
健康差距是全球范围内长期存在的问题。减少健康差距的一个主要障碍是依赖“消耗性干预措施”,即那些一旦使用就不能再次使用的干预措施。为了减少健康差距,需要有可以反复使用且不会丧失治疗效果的干预措施,即使当地医疗系统无法为人们提供所需的医疗服务,这些措施也能惠及人们,并且能够在全球范围内共享,而不会从干预措施研发地的人群中抽走资源。本文提出的观点是,基于证据的自动化自助式互联网干预措施符合上述标准,能够有助于减少全球范围内的健康差距。概念验证研究表明,基于证据的互联网干预措施能够惠及全球数十万人,可用于公共部门,以增强现有服务并提供目前无法获得的服务(如预防干预措施)。本文提出了一个框架,用于系统地填充一个矩阵,该矩阵的列代表常见健康问题,行代表语言。为了让服务不足的人群受益于基于证据的互联网干预措施,公共部门诊所应设立电子健康资源中心,通过该中心可以在线筛查患者的常见疾病,并为他们提供诊所目前无法提供的基于证据的互联网干预服务。这些资源应以患者的语言提供,采用无需识字能力的格式,并且可以通过移动设备访问。然后,此类基于证据的互联网干预措施应与公共部门诊所以及世界任何地方的个人共享。最后,本文讨论了可持续性,并描述了一系列基于证据的互联网干预措施,以便在全国和全球范围内共享。这种扩大医疗服务提供的方法将极大地有助于减少全球范围内的健康差距,在经常被引用的口号“全球思考,本地行动”之外,再加上第三条:“全球共享”。