Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Biol Psychol. 2011 Mar;86(3):230-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.12.003. Epub 2010 Dec 21.
The differential effects of positive versus negative emotions on autonomic nervous system activity are insufficiently understood. This study examined the role of acute mood responses and central nervous system activity on heart rate variability (HRV) using 5-min event recall tasks (happiness and anger recall) and a 5-min Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT) in 20 healthy individuals (mean age 25 ± 4 years, 55% female). HRV was measured in high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) domains, and frontal brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG) in the alpha frequency band in F3 and F4. Happiness Recall resulted in increased LF-HRV (p = 0.005) but not HF-HRV (p=0.71). Anger Recall did not change HRV (p-values > 0.10). The SCWT produced decreases in HF-HRV (p = 0.001) as well as LF-HRV (p = 0.001). The magnitude of feeling "happy" during Happiness Recall was positively correlated with ΔHF-HRV (p = 0.050), whereas an incongruent mood state ("frustrated") was associated with smaller ΔHF-HRV (p = 0.070). Associations between frontal EEG activation and HRV responses were mostly non-significant, except for increased right frontal activation during Happiness Recall which was associated with a decrease in LF/HF ratio (p = 0.009). It is concluded that positive and negative mood induction result in differential HRV responses, which is related to both task valence and the intensity of task-induced emotions.
积极情绪与消极情绪对自主神经系统活动的影响差异尚不清楚。本研究通过 5 分钟的事件回忆任务（快乐和愤怒回忆）和 5 分钟的 Stroop 颜色-单词测试（SCWT），检查了急性情绪反应和中枢神经系统活动对心率变异性（HRV）的作用，共纳入 20 名健康个体（平均年龄 25 ± 4 岁，55%为女性）。使用脑电图（EEG）在 F3 和 F4 中的 alpha 频带测量 HRV 的高频（HF）和低频（LF）域以及额叶脑活动。快乐回忆导致 LF-HRV 增加（p = 0.005），但 HF-HRV 没有变化（p = 0.71）。愤怒回忆未改变 HRV（p 值＞0.10）。SCWT 导致 HF-HRV（p = 0.001）和 LF-HRV（p = 0.001）下降。在快乐回忆中感到“快乐”的程度与 ΔHF-HRV 呈正相关（p = 0.050），而不一致的情绪状态（“沮丧”）与较小的 ΔHF-HRV 相关（p = 0.070）。除了在快乐回忆中右额叶激活增加与 LF/HF 比值降低（p = 0.009）相关外，额叶 EEG 激活与 HRV 反应之间的关联大多不显著。结论是积极和消极情绪诱导导致 HRV 反应的差异，这与任务效价和任务诱发情绪的强度有关。
