Ainsbury E A, Bakhanova E, Barquinero J F, Brai M, Chumak V, Correcher V, Darroudi F, Fattibene P, Gruel G, Guclu I, Horn S, Jaworska A, Kulka U, Lindholm C, Lloyd D, Longo A, Marrale M, Monteiro Gil O, Oestreicher U, Pajic J, Rakic B, Romm H, Trompier F, Veronese I, Voisin P, Vral A, Whitehouse C A, Wieser A, Woda C, Wojcik A, Rothkamm K
Centre for Radiation, Health Protection Agency, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2011 Nov;147(4):573-92. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncq499. Epub 2010 Dec 23.
The current focus on networking and mutual assistance in the management of radiation accidents or incidents has demonstrated the importance of a joined-up approach in physical and biological dosimetry. To this end, the European Radiation Dosimetry Working Group 10 on 'Retrospective Dosimetry' has been set up by individuals from a wide range of disciplines across Europe. Here, established and emerging dosimetry methods are reviewed, which can be used immediately and retrospectively following external ionising radiation exposure. Endpoints and assays include dicentrics, translocations, premature chromosome condensation, micronuclei, somatic mutations, gene expression, electron paramagnetic resonance, thermoluminescence, optically stimulated luminescence, neutron activation, haematology, protein biomarkers and analytical dose reconstruction. Individual characteristics of these techniques, their limitations and potential for further development are reviewed, and their usefulness in specific exposure scenarios is discussed. Whilst no single technique fulfils the criteria of an ideal dosemeter, an integrated approach using multiple techniques tailored to the exposure scenario can cover most requirements.
当前在辐射事故或事件管理中对网络建设和互助的关注，已彰显了在物理和生物剂量测定中采取联合方法的重要性。为此，来自欧洲各学科领域的人员成立了欧洲辐射剂量测定第10工作组，即“回顾性剂量测定”工作组。本文对已确立的和新出现的剂量测定方法进行了综述，这些方法可在外部电离辐射照射后立即使用，也可用于回顾性分析。检测终点和检测方法包括双着丝粒、易位、早熟染色体凝集、微核、体细胞突变、基因表达、电子顺磁共振、热释光、光激发光、中子活化、血液学、蛋白质生物标志物以及分析剂量重建。本文对这些技术的个体特征、局限性及进一步发展潜力进行了综述，并讨论了它们在特定照射场景中的实用性。虽然没有单一技术能满足理想剂量计的标准，但采用针对照射场景量身定制的多种技术的综合方法，可满足大多数需求。
