Camilleri Adrian R, Newell Ben R
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2011 Mar;136(3):276-84. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.11.007. Epub 2010 Dec 24.
Does the manner in which people acquire information affect their choices? Recent research has contrasted choices based on summary descriptions (e.g. a 100% chance of $3 vs. an 80% chance of $4) with those based on the 'experience' of drawing samples from environments that do (or should) match those provided by descriptions. Intriguingly, decision-makers' preferences differ markedly across the two formats: the so-called description-experience "gap" - but debate over the cause of this gap continues. We employed novel techniques to ensure strict control over both external and internal biases in the samples of information that people used to make decisions from experience. In line with some other recent research, we found a much diminished gap in both experiments suggesting that the divergence in choices based on description and sequentially acquired (non-consequential) samples is largely the result of non-equivalent information at the point of choice. The implications for models of risky choice are discussed.
人们获取信息的方式会影响他们的选择吗？最近的研究将基于摘要描述的选择（例如，有100%的机会获得3美元与有80%的机会获得4美元）与基于从与描述所提供的环境相匹配（或应该相匹配）的环境中抽取样本的“经验”的选择进行了对比。有趣的是，决策者在这两种形式下的偏好存在显著差异：即所谓的描述 - 经验“差距”——但关于这种差距成因的争论仍在继续。我们采用了新颖的技术，以确保对人们用于从经验中做出决策的信息样本中的外部和内部偏差进行严格控制。与其他一些近期研究一致，我们在两个实验中都发现差距大幅减小，这表明基于描述和顺序获取（非结果性）样本的选择差异很大程度上是由于选择时信息的不等同所导致的。文中还讨论了其对风险选择模型的影响。
