Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Prog Brain Res. 2013;202:55-71. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-62604-2.00004-6.
The description-experience "gap" refers to the observation that choices are influenced by whether information about potential alternatives is learnt from a summary description or from the experience of sequentially sampling individual outcomes. In this chapter, we traverse the cognitive steps required to make a decision-information acquisition, storage, representation, and then choice-and at each step briefly review the evidence for sources of discrepancy between these two formats of choice. We conclude that description- and experience-based choice formats lie along a continuum of uncertainty and share important core features, including the explicit representation of probability, the combining of this probability information with outcome information, and utility maximization. The implication of this conclusion is that the differences between description- and experience-based choices emerge from how uncertainty information is acquired and stored rather than how it is represented or used.
描述-体验“差距”是指这样一种观察结果，即选择会受到关于潜在替代方案的信息是通过总结性描述学习还是通过逐个采样个体结果的经验学习的影响。在本章中，我们遍历了做出决策所需的认知步骤——信息获取、存储、表示，然后是选择——并在每个步骤简要回顾了这两种选择格式之间存在差异的来源的证据。我们的结论是，基于描述和基于经验的选择格式沿着不确定性的连续体排列，并具有一些重要的核心特征，包括概率的明确表示、将这种概率信息与结果信息相结合，以及效用最大化。这一结论的含义是，描述和基于经验的选择之间的差异源自不确定性信息的获取和存储方式，而不是其表示或使用方式。
