Peabody Society, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Pediatrics. 2011 Jan;127(1):e39-46. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-0926. Epub 2010 Dec 27.
We investigated trends in noise-induced threshold shifts (NITSs), high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL), and low-frequency hearing loss (LFHL).
A total of 4310 adolescents 12 to 19 years of age completed audiometric testing during National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys in 1988-1994 and 2005-2006. NITS criteria were audiometric patterns of decreased 3- to 6-kHz thresholds but preserved 0.5- to 1-kHz and 8-kHz thresholds; HFHL and LFHL criteria were high and low pure-tone averages, respectively, of >15 dB HL.
There were no significant increases in NITSs (odds ratio [OR]: 0.81 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53-1.22]; P = .29), HFHL (OR: 1.21 [95% CI: 0.87-1.69]; P = .25), or LFHL (OR: 1.37 [95% CI: 0.77-2.45]; P = .28) between survey periods. However, a significant increase in the prevalence of NITSs occurred among female youths (11.6% [95% CI: 9.0%-14.1%] vs 16.7% [95% CI: 13.2%-20.3%]; P < .0001). The overall prevalence of exposure to loud noise or listening to music through headphones in the previous 24 hours increased from 19.8% (95% CI: 17.6%-22.1%) to 34.8% (95% CI: 31.0%-38.5%; P < .0001). In 2005-2006, female youths had a similar prevalence of exposure to recreational noise (23.6% [95% CI: 19.6%-27.6%] vs 27.7% [95% CI: 23.6%-31.8%]; P < .0001) and a lower prevalence of hearing-protection use (3.4% [95% CI: 1.6%-5.3%] vs 10.3% [95% CI: 7.3%-13.2%]; P < .0001) compared with male youths.
Increased exposure to recreational noise and minimal use of hearing protection might have lead to an increase in NITS prevalence among female youths.
研究噪声诱发听力阈移（NITS）、高频听力损失（HFHL）和低频听力损失（LFHL）的变化趋势。
共有 4310 名 12 至 19 岁的青少年在 1988-1994 年和 2005-2006 年的国家健康与营养调查中接受了听力测试。NITS 的标准是 3-6kHz 阈值下降但 0.5-1kHz 和 8kHz 阈值保留的听力图模式；HFHL 和 LFHL 的标准分别是高和低频纯音平均值大于 15dBHL。
NITS（比值比 [OR]：0.81 [95%置信区间 [CI]：0.53-1.22]；P =.29）、HFHL（OR：1.21 [95% CI：0.87-1.69]；P =.25）或 LFHL（OR：1.37 [95% CI：0.77-2.45]；P =.28）在两次调查期间均无显著增加。然而，女性青少年中 NITS 的患病率显著增加（11.6%[95%CI：9.0%-14.1%] vs 16.7%[95%CI：13.2%-20.3%]；P <.0001）。在过去 24 小时内接触大声噪音或通过耳机听音乐的青少年总体患病率从 19.8%（95%CI：17.6%-22.1%）增加到 34.8%（95%CI：31.0%-38.5%；P <.0001）。在 2005-2006 年，女性青少年接触娱乐性噪音的比例相似（23.6%[95%CI：19.6%-27.6%] vs 27.7%[95%CI：23.6%-31.8%]；P <.0001），而使用听力保护装置的比例较低（3.4%[95%CI：1.6%-5.3%] vs 10.3%[95%CI：7.3%-13.2%]；P <.0001）。
接触娱乐性噪音的增加和听力保护装置的使用减少可能导致女性青少年中 NITS 的患病率增加。
