University of Iowa, Injury Prevention Research Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Inj Prev. 2011 Jun;17(3):160-5. doi: 10.1136/ip.2010.027805. Epub 2011 Jan 8.
Many home fires begin in the kitchen. Kitchen smoke alarms are more likely to produce nuisance alarms, but few previous studies have examined the role of alarm sensor and battery types on the functionality of smoke alarms located nearest to the kitchen.
Data were analysed from a 2×2 factorial randomised controlled trial conducted in rural Iowa homes (n=628). Enrolled households were randomly assigned into one of four smoke alarm/battery combinations: ionisation/zinc, ionisation/lithium, photoelectric/zinc and photoelectric/lithium. Alarm functionality was determined using a smoke test. Alarm type and battery type were compared using an intent-to-treat analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify factors that might impact the functionality of smoke alarms located nearest to the kitchen 42 months after installation.
Photoelectric alarms with lithium batteries had the highest rate of functionality (90.2%), whereas ionisation alarms with carbon/zinc batteries had the lowest (76.5%). Forty-two months following installation, 6.4% more of photoelectric alarms were functional than ionisation alarms, and 7.9% more of alarms with lithium batteries were functional than those with carbon/zinc batteries. Logistic regression revealed that when the indicator of nuisance alarms was included, the effect of alarm type became statistically insignificant and ionisation alarms were less likely to be functional at 42 months, partly due to increased nuisance alarms.
Alarm type is an important consideration for certain locations. Photoelectric alarms may be more appropriate for installation nearest to the kitchen despite their increased cost. These findings can help guide consumer choices to increase protection against home fire-related injuries and deaths.
许多家庭火灾始于厨房。厨房烟雾报警器更容易产生误报，但很少有先前的研究检查过警报传感器和电池类型对位于厨房附近的烟雾报警器功能的影响。
这项在爱荷华州农村家庭中进行的 2×2 析因随机对照试验的数据进行了分析（n=628）。登记的家庭被随机分配到四种烟雾报警器/电池组合之一：电离/锌、电离/锂电池、光电/锌和光电/锂电池。使用烟雾测试来确定警报功能。使用意向治疗分析比较了警报类型和电池类型。使用逻辑回归来确定可能影响安装后 42 个月时位于厨房附近的烟雾报警器功能的因素。
带锂电池的光电报警器功能率最高（90.2%），而带碳/锌电池的电离报警器功能率最低（76.5%）。安装后 42 个月，光电报警器的功能比电离报警器多 6.4%，锂电池报警器的功能比碳/锌电池报警器多 7.9%。逻辑回归显示，当包括误报指标时，警报类型的影响变得没有统计学意义，电离报警器在 42 个月时不太可能具有功能，部分原因是误报增加。
对于某些位置，警报类型是一个重要的考虑因素。光电报警器可能更适合安装在厨房附近，尽管它们的成本更高。这些发现可以帮助指导消费者做出选择，以增加对家庭火灾相关伤害和死亡的保护。
